International Journal of Medical Sciences and Education (IJMSE)
Vol. 2; Issue: 2 (April-June 2015) , Date of Publication: 01.07.2015
COMPARISON OF LATENCY, AMPLITUDE & CONDUCTION VELOCITY OF MEDIAN MOTOR NERVE IN PRE-OVULATORY & POST-OVULATORY PHASE OF NORMAL REGULARLY MENSTRUATING FEMALES
Shailja Tiwari, Ashutosh Garg , Kiran patel,S.P. Garg
ABSTRACT:
Objective: Several factors may contribute towards determination of accurate nerve conduction velocity like age, temperature, height etc. Temperature has a major influence on nerve conduction and it has been also proved that there is temperature variation found in different phase of menstrual cycle of female. Objective: Our study aimed to find out whether this temperature fluctuation in pre-ovulatory and postovulatory phase may interfere the conduction parameters of median motor nerve or not. Material method: It was a prospective study and was conducted in the Department of Physiology, Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose Medical College and Hospital, Jabalpur (M.P.) after obtaining ethical clearance. Median motor nerve were examined in 25 regularly menstruating female medical students, aged between 17-25 years, having no signs or symptoms of neurological impairment. Observations were taken in both pre-ovulatory and postovulatory phase of menstrual cycle and recording done by using surface electrodes. Different temperatures i.e. hot and cold were maintained with the help of water bath and skin temperature measured by using Digital Mercury Thermometer. Results: The pre-ovulatory phase latency and amplitude was more than that in post-ovulatory phase. In pre-ovulatory phase nerve conduction velocity was lesser than that in post-ovulatory phase. But on statistical analysis this difference was found non-significant (p>0.05). Conclusion: Our study concluded that the conduction parameters i.e. latency, amplitude and conduction velocity of median motor nerve is not affected by temperature variation in different phase of menstural cycle of female.
KEYWORDS: Amplitude, Latency, Conduction velocity, Median nerve, Preovulatory & postovulatory phase, Temperature.
PDF FULL TEXT
______________________________________________________________________________________________
A STUDY OF THE EFFECT OF ANTIRETROVIRAL TREATMENT ON LIVER FUNCTION ENZYMES AMONG HIV INFECTED PATIENTS
Dr.Manisha Verma, Dr.Suresh Kumar, Dr.Balveer S.Singh ,Dr.Vipul Garg ,Dr. Rati Mathur
ABSTRACT
Objective: Hepatotoxicity is frequently seen in HIV/AIDS patients under HAART.The two transaminases commonly measured are Alanine Transaminase and Aspartate Transaminase are quite sensitive for liver injury. To determined the baseline prevalence and incidence of transaminitis as well as its related risk factors following HAART initiation and suggest the possible role of transaminases in monitoring liver toxicity. Methods: This study was Hospital based cross sectional, prospective study that was conducted at SMS Medical College and Hospital, Jaipur, Rajasthan from October 2011 to November 2012. Subjects were the HIV/AIDS patients attending the ART Centre and total one hundred and fifty newly diagnosed HIV/AIDS patients eligible for detailed clinical history, examination and investigations. Results: Study showed that about 55% of study individuals were in age group 20 to 40 years and 58% were male. The mean age is about 40 ± 8 years while M: F Sex ratio was 1.38. SGOT, SGPT & ALP values increase after 6 & 12 months commencement of therapy and results also showed positive significant correlation between SGOT & SGPT. Conclusion: HAART was found to be associated with low level hepatotoxicity at initiation, regardless of drug class or combination. So therefore recommended for transaminases levels should be followed up after initiation of antiretroviral therapy for all patients irrespective of their drug combination or age. However, excellent clinical follow-up is simultaneously required to manage the morbidity associated with HAART.
Key Words: HIV/AIDS, HAAT, SGOT, SGPT, Hepatotoxicity
PDF FULL TEXT
______________________________________________________________________________________________
COMPARATIVE STUDY OF PROPOFOL-NITROUS OXIDE(N2O) WITH CONVENTIONAL BALANCED ANAESTHETIC TECHNIQUE FOR DAY CARE LAPAROSCOPIC SURGERY.
Alka Kewalramani, Dr.Gaurav Chhabra, Dr.Vaishali Shelgoankar
ABSTRACT:
Objective: This study was carried out to evaluate and compare induction characteristics and maintenance of two anaesthetic techniques,haemodynamic stability,recovery profile,incidence of postoperative nausea vomiting (PONV) and home readiness. Methods: In a prospective, randomized study,100 ASA 1-2 females of age ranged 18-45 years were selected. Pretreatment with inj. Gycopyrrole 0.2mg and inj.Ranitidine 50mg IV,inj. midazolam 0.03mg/kg and inj.fentanyl 2mcg/kg was similar for all the patients.Maintenance of anaesthesia was O2+N2O+halothane in one group and O2+N2O+Propofol infusion in other group.Post operatively recovery was assessed at using Aldrete score and .Nausea and vomiting was assessed using Belville score. Results: Intraoperatively haemodynamic parameters were comparable in both the groups (p<0.05).Recovery was earlier and clear headed in propofol group(8.8 2.5 hours vs 12 4 hrs,p<0.0001),even incidence of minor sequele were less(p<0.001) in propofol group as compared to conventional balanced anaesthesia. Conclusion: propofol-N2O compares favorably to thiopentone halothane-Nitrous oxide for maintenance of anaesthesia during short or day care procedure with remarkable early and rapid recovery with propofol and less PONV.
KEYWORDS: Day care surgery,conventional balanced anaesthesia vs intravenous anaesthesia,postoperative recovery,post operative nausea vomiting.
PDF FULL TEXT
______________________________________________________________________________________________
PREVALENCE OF HEPATITIS B , HEPATITIS C AND VDRL IN BLOOD DONORS IN TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL IN WESTERN INDIA
Jain Chetna, Sharma Richa, Mogra Narendra
ABSTRACT:
Background: Safe blood and blood products should be offered to all patients in need for blood transfusion.The objectives of the present study were to establish prevalence estimates for hepatitis B, hepatitis C and VDRL infection as a foundation for safe blood transfusion in Jhalawar district in Rajasthan state in western India. Material and Methods: A retrospective study was conducted in blood bank, S.R.G. Hospital, Jhalawar-district, Rajasthan(Western India) from January 2013 to December 2014. A total of 25,836 blood samples of blood donors were tested by an enzyme linked Immunoassay technique (ELISA) for detection of hepatitis B surface antigen(HBsAg),antibodies to hepatitis C antigen (anti-HCV) & VDRL was tested by Rapid Plasma Reagin technique.The Elisa test outcome in hepatitis was crosschecked by Rapid Card test twice with two different manufacturing companies.Results: The prevalence of HBsAg was 1.98% ,anti-HCV was 0.20% and VDRL was 0.33% respectively.The Prevalence being higher in males as compared to females. Conclusion: Prevalence of hepatitis B,C and VDRL increased over a period of time.
Key Words : Seroprevalence, HBSAg, HCV, Syphilis,Voluntary, Replacement Blood Donors.
PDF FULL TEXT
______________________________________________________________________________________________
PRESCRIPTION AUDITING OF VARIOUS DRUG DOSAGES IN THE OPHTHALMOLOGY DEPARTMENT OF A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL AT UDAIPUR, RAJASTHAN
Manish Jain
ABSTRACT:
Objective: Drugs play an important role in improving the health of patients and in curing the disease from which patient was suffering. The present study was done to evaluate the pattern of prescription and use of various drugs in the ophthalmology outdoor at Geetanjali Medical college and Hospital, Udaipur Method: The prescriptions of 793 out patients were analyzed using the specially designed form which included 1417 drug dosage form. The prescriptions were analyzed for the following – total no. of drugs per prescription, duration of treatment, type of drug dosage form, frequency of administration, no. of antibiotics used in prescription, percentage use of generic name in prescription, and other drugs used in treatment. Result: Prescription auditing shows that average no. of drugs prescribed per prescription was 1.778 described that low drug prescription rate was found in the study. Single drug prescription was found in 55.36 % of patients followed by two drugs in 23.46%. Eye drops prescribed among drugs in majority (69.37%) of patients followed by 15.74 % as ointment. The most commonly used antibiotic was tobramycin in 22.01% followed by combination of antibiotic with steroid in 23.43 % and ciprofloxacin in 9.6 % of patients. Conclusion: In this study there is a scope of improving the habits of prescribing rational prescriptions by educational intervention. It is also a necessity to formulate and standardize drug policy, conduct prescription audit and remove undue influence of salesmanship by forming Drug and Therapeutic committee.
KEY WORDS: Prescription pattern, Dosage form, Therapeutic agent, Generic name.
PDF FULL TEXT
______________________________________________________________________________________________
RELIABILITY OF VISUAL ACUITY MEASUREMENT BY SMARTPHONE BASED APPLICATION
Dr. Virendra Singh Lodha
ABSTRACT:
Background: The use of Smartphone and tablet have become very common in the present era and these gadgets have found many uses other than telephony specially in medical science where they can be used for online reference, diagnosis, patients records and monitoring. Many applications are available or developed to be used for diagnostic purposes in ophthalmology, particularly for visual acuity testing which reflects the functional status of the eyes and related nervous system. This study is planned to compare results of visual acuity measurement by a Smartphone and conventional Snellen visual acuity chart. Methods: Distance visual acuity of 92 eyes of 46 persons was measured in outpatient department of ophthalmology with Snellen chart at 6 meters distance and with an application made for 2 meters distance on a Smartphone. Results: The results of visual acuity measured by Smartphone with Snellen optotypes configured for 2 meter distance were reliable, with 92.35% results matching the results obtained with standard Snellen chart at 6 meters distance and remaining results within one line of difference. Conclusions: The results of visual acuity measurement with Smartphone are reliable and this method can be used for screening in community health programme anywhere especially in rural areas and schools, without the need of setting up Snellen chart. This is a convenient and inexpensive method and can be used by trained health workers.
Key Words: Smartphone, Visual acuity.
PDF FULL TEXT
______________________________________________________________________________________________
COMPARATIVE EVALUATION OF CLONIDINE VS DEXMEDETOMIDINE FOR LAPAROSCOPIC SURGERY BY RAMSAY SCORE AND ADVERSE EFFECTS
Dr Naitik Patel
ABSTRACT:
Background: Clonidine and Dexmedetomidine acts as exogenous agonist for α2 adrenoceptors and exerts benefits in anesthesia in reduction in anaesthetic dose, sedation, attenuation of stress response and analgesia. Material & Methods: In the present retrospective study, Patients with ASA grades I and II and who were operated under laparoscopic procedure during the one year of study period were enrolled by simple random sampling and randomized for two equal groups. Results: In the present study, out of the total study participants on the basis of Ramsay sedation scores, it was found that Ramsay score of 3 was most common among both the groups which were followed by Ramsay score of 4. The Ramsay score 2 and 5 were the least recorded scores. In the group 1 the mean Ramsay sedation score was 3.31 ± 1.32. In the group 2 the mean Ramsay sedation score was 3.14 ± 1.01. This difference was statistically non-significant (p value > 0.05). Hypotension was the most common adverse effect reported among both the study groups. Rebound hypertension was not reported among study participants of both the groups. Conclusion: We concluded from the present study that Both Clonidine and Dexmedetomidine were found to be significantly effective in reducing the hemodynamic response due to formation of pneumoperitoneum during laparoscopic surgeries and both Clonidine and Dexmedetomidine provides adequate postoperative analgesia and sedation as a premedication agent.
Key words: Clonidine, Dexmedetomidine, Laparoscopic surgery.
PDF FULL TEXT
______________________________________________________________________________________________
DETERMINATION AND PREDICTION OF RESPIRABLE DUST CAUSING PNEUMOCONIOSIS AT TERTIARY CARE CENTER.
Dr. Mahindrakar MM, Kapse VR, Totewad D
ABSTRACT:
Background: Pneumoconiosis is reported to be an occupational lung disease, which is caused by the inhalation of respirable dust. Workers in occupations related to silica, coal, asbestoses dust exposure are characterized by increased foci of fibrogenesis which result in radiological and pathological findings in the lungs. In most circumstances, Pneumoconiosis only develops subsequent to substantial occupational exposures. Material & Methods: The present prospective study was conducted at the Department of Tuberculosis and Chest Disease of our tertiary care hospital. The study was an observational study conducted during a period of one year. The study was done at a 95% confidence interval at 10% of maximum allowable error. 100 patients who were diagnosed with Pneumoconiosis were enrolled in the study. Results: In the present study, the mean duration of exposure to silica, coal, asbestoses dust was 15.4 ± 5.3 years. Most of the patients belong to the economically productive age group (18-60 years) and none of the patients were above sixty years. The mean age of study participants was 45.4 ± 7.2 years. All patients had a cough at presentation out of which 73% patients had a dry cough and 27% patients with productive coughs, four patients experienced the loss of appetite. 81% of patients had a history of smoking. Chest X-rays of all patients revealed bilateral, widespread, reticulonodular, and nodular appearances. 63% of patients had worked on crusher machines and 37% patients as a manual stone cutters. One patient was put on bilateral tube thoracostomy and unilateral tube thoracostomy was done in two patients. Conclusion: We concluded from the present study that inhalation of coal, quartz, asbestoses, silica dust was commonly associated with adverse health effects and can cause serious morbidities like pneumoconiosis and mortalities. Hence, all preventive measures and the hazard assessment tool are necessary for all employers to evaluate the potential exposure of airborne respirable coal, quartz, asbestoses, silica dust particles at the workplace.
Keywords: Pneumoconiosis, occupational lung disease, clinical profile.
PDF FULL TEXT
______________________________________________________________________________________________
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN HbA1C AND FASTING SUGAR LEVELS AND TWO HOURS AFTER 75 G ORAL GLUCOSE IN DIABETES MELLITUS
Dr. Sabir Ali,
ABSTRACT:
Background: The primary screening for diabetes mellitus detection is the fasting blood glucose (FBS) test, considered the best and most common method with a cutoff point >126 mg/dl. However, challenges arise, such as requiring an 8-hour fasting period and limited applicability in the afternoon. In centralized screening with laboratory facilities, the oral 75 gm glucose test and HbA1c test (percentage of glycated hemoglobin) are recommended to detect true incidence or prevalence. Material & Methods: The present cross sectional, prospective study was carried out at department of General Medicine, at our tertiary care hospital. The study duration was of six months from January 2014 to June 2014. A sample size of 100 was calculated at 95% confidence interval at 10% acceptable margin of error by epi info software version 7.3. In this prospective study patients of age of both the genders were enrolled for the study. Results:. In the present study, out of total study participants the mean HbA1c (%) levels were 8.1 ± 1.6, mean value of fasting blood glucose was 149.7 ± 17.9 mg/dl and the blood glucose 2 hours after 75 g oral glucose (mg/dl) was 208.2 ± 13.4. Majority of study participants were on oral hypoglycemic drugs. On applying Pearsons correlation parametric statistics it was found that the values of fasting blood glucose were positively correlated with HbA1c levels (r = 0.67). it was also found that the values of blood glucose 2 hours after 75 g oral glucose (mg/dl) were also positively correlated with HbA1c levels (r = 0.69). Conclusion: We concluded from the present study that the both fasting blood glucose and oral 75gm glucose test were positively correlated with HbA1c levels however 2 hours after 75 g oral glucose had a better correlation with HbA1c than fasting blood glucose level.
Keywords: glycated hemoglobin, fasting blood glucose, oral 75 gm glucose test.
______________________________________________________________________________________________
EVALUATION OF CLINICO-HEMATOLOGICAL PROFILE ON THE BASIS OF BONE MARROW ASPIRATIONS AMONG CHILDREN
Dr. Anil Rathi
ABSTRACT:
Background: The rationale for conducting the study on bone marrow aspiration lies in its critical role in providing detailed information that cannot be obtained through routine hematology examinations of blood samples alone. By performing bone marrow aspirations, clinicians can gain valuable insights into cellular morphology, hematopoietic activity, and the presence or absence of iron stores. Material & Methods: The present cross sectional, prospective study was carried out at department of pediatrics, at our tertiary care hospital. The study duration was of six months from January 2013 to June 2013. In this prospective study we enrolled 100 children of age group of 0-18 years requiring bone marrow examination for various hematological disorders and enrolled by simple random sampling. Results: In the present study, out of total enrolled participants, on the basis of laboratory diagnosis on the basis of bone marrow aspiration it was found that 52% of children had iron deficiency anemia, 22% of children had dual deficiency anemia, 16% of children had megaloblastic anemia, 3% children had ITP, 2% children had malaria, 1% children had lyphohistocytosis and 2% children had anemia of chronic diseases. All study participants (100%) had pallor, 32% children had fever, 2% children had icterus, 3% children had petechiae, 2% children had hepatomegaly and 2% children had splenomegaly. There was no mortality reported in present study. Conclusion: We concluded from the present study that, the most prevalent condition identified during our study through bone marrow examination was micronutrient deficiency anemia, with a particular emphasis on iron deficiency anemia.
Keywords: bone marrow aspiration, Iron deficiency anemia, megaloblastic anemia.
PDF FULL TEXT
Shailja Tiwari, Ashutosh Garg , Kiran patel,S.P. Garg
ABSTRACT:
Objective: Several factors may contribute towards determination of accurate nerve conduction velocity like age, temperature, height etc. Temperature has a major influence on nerve conduction and it has been also proved that there is temperature variation found in different phase of menstrual cycle of female. Objective: Our study aimed to find out whether this temperature fluctuation in pre-ovulatory and postovulatory phase may interfere the conduction parameters of median motor nerve or not. Material method: It was a prospective study and was conducted in the Department of Physiology, Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose Medical College and Hospital, Jabalpur (M.P.) after obtaining ethical clearance. Median motor nerve were examined in 25 regularly menstruating female medical students, aged between 17-25 years, having no signs or symptoms of neurological impairment. Observations were taken in both pre-ovulatory and postovulatory phase of menstrual cycle and recording done by using surface electrodes. Different temperatures i.e. hot and cold were maintained with the help of water bath and skin temperature measured by using Digital Mercury Thermometer. Results: The pre-ovulatory phase latency and amplitude was more than that in post-ovulatory phase. In pre-ovulatory phase nerve conduction velocity was lesser than that in post-ovulatory phase. But on statistical analysis this difference was found non-significant (p>0.05). Conclusion: Our study concluded that the conduction parameters i.e. latency, amplitude and conduction velocity of median motor nerve is not affected by temperature variation in different phase of menstural cycle of female.
KEYWORDS: Amplitude, Latency, Conduction velocity, Median nerve, Preovulatory & postovulatory phase, Temperature.
PDF FULL TEXT
______________________________________________________________________________________________
A STUDY OF THE EFFECT OF ANTIRETROVIRAL TREATMENT ON LIVER FUNCTION ENZYMES AMONG HIV INFECTED PATIENTS
Dr.Manisha Verma, Dr.Suresh Kumar, Dr.Balveer S.Singh ,Dr.Vipul Garg ,Dr. Rati Mathur
ABSTRACT
Objective: Hepatotoxicity is frequently seen in HIV/AIDS patients under HAART.The two transaminases commonly measured are Alanine Transaminase and Aspartate Transaminase are quite sensitive for liver injury. To determined the baseline prevalence and incidence of transaminitis as well as its related risk factors following HAART initiation and suggest the possible role of transaminases in monitoring liver toxicity. Methods: This study was Hospital based cross sectional, prospective study that was conducted at SMS Medical College and Hospital, Jaipur, Rajasthan from October 2011 to November 2012. Subjects were the HIV/AIDS patients attending the ART Centre and total one hundred and fifty newly diagnosed HIV/AIDS patients eligible for detailed clinical history, examination and investigations. Results: Study showed that about 55% of study individuals were in age group 20 to 40 years and 58% were male. The mean age is about 40 ± 8 years while M: F Sex ratio was 1.38. SGOT, SGPT & ALP values increase after 6 & 12 months commencement of therapy and results also showed positive significant correlation between SGOT & SGPT. Conclusion: HAART was found to be associated with low level hepatotoxicity at initiation, regardless of drug class or combination. So therefore recommended for transaminases levels should be followed up after initiation of antiretroviral therapy for all patients irrespective of their drug combination or age. However, excellent clinical follow-up is simultaneously required to manage the morbidity associated with HAART.
Key Words: HIV/AIDS, HAAT, SGOT, SGPT, Hepatotoxicity
PDF FULL TEXT
______________________________________________________________________________________________
COMPARATIVE STUDY OF PROPOFOL-NITROUS OXIDE(N2O) WITH CONVENTIONAL BALANCED ANAESTHETIC TECHNIQUE FOR DAY CARE LAPAROSCOPIC SURGERY.
Alka Kewalramani, Dr.Gaurav Chhabra, Dr.Vaishali Shelgoankar
ABSTRACT:
Objective: This study was carried out to evaluate and compare induction characteristics and maintenance of two anaesthetic techniques,haemodynamic stability,recovery profile,incidence of postoperative nausea vomiting (PONV) and home readiness. Methods: In a prospective, randomized study,100 ASA 1-2 females of age ranged 18-45 years were selected. Pretreatment with inj. Gycopyrrole 0.2mg and inj.Ranitidine 50mg IV,inj. midazolam 0.03mg/kg and inj.fentanyl 2mcg/kg was similar for all the patients.Maintenance of anaesthesia was O2+N2O+halothane in one group and O2+N2O+Propofol infusion in other group.Post operatively recovery was assessed at using Aldrete score and .Nausea and vomiting was assessed using Belville score. Results: Intraoperatively haemodynamic parameters were comparable in both the groups (p<0.05).Recovery was earlier and clear headed in propofol group(8.8 2.5 hours vs 12 4 hrs,p<0.0001),even incidence of minor sequele were less(p<0.001) in propofol group as compared to conventional balanced anaesthesia. Conclusion: propofol-N2O compares favorably to thiopentone halothane-Nitrous oxide for maintenance of anaesthesia during short or day care procedure with remarkable early and rapid recovery with propofol and less PONV.
KEYWORDS: Day care surgery,conventional balanced anaesthesia vs intravenous anaesthesia,postoperative recovery,post operative nausea vomiting.
PDF FULL TEXT
______________________________________________________________________________________________
PREVALENCE OF HEPATITIS B , HEPATITIS C AND VDRL IN BLOOD DONORS IN TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL IN WESTERN INDIA
Jain Chetna, Sharma Richa, Mogra Narendra
ABSTRACT:
Background: Safe blood and blood products should be offered to all patients in need for blood transfusion.The objectives of the present study were to establish prevalence estimates for hepatitis B, hepatitis C and VDRL infection as a foundation for safe blood transfusion in Jhalawar district in Rajasthan state in western India. Material and Methods: A retrospective study was conducted in blood bank, S.R.G. Hospital, Jhalawar-district, Rajasthan(Western India) from January 2013 to December 2014. A total of 25,836 blood samples of blood donors were tested by an enzyme linked Immunoassay technique (ELISA) for detection of hepatitis B surface antigen(HBsAg),antibodies to hepatitis C antigen (anti-HCV) & VDRL was tested by Rapid Plasma Reagin technique.The Elisa test outcome in hepatitis was crosschecked by Rapid Card test twice with two different manufacturing companies.Results: The prevalence of HBsAg was 1.98% ,anti-HCV was 0.20% and VDRL was 0.33% respectively.The Prevalence being higher in males as compared to females. Conclusion: Prevalence of hepatitis B,C and VDRL increased over a period of time.
Key Words : Seroprevalence, HBSAg, HCV, Syphilis,Voluntary, Replacement Blood Donors.
PDF FULL TEXT
______________________________________________________________________________________________
PRESCRIPTION AUDITING OF VARIOUS DRUG DOSAGES IN THE OPHTHALMOLOGY DEPARTMENT OF A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL AT UDAIPUR, RAJASTHAN
Manish Jain
ABSTRACT:
Objective: Drugs play an important role in improving the health of patients and in curing the disease from which patient was suffering. The present study was done to evaluate the pattern of prescription and use of various drugs in the ophthalmology outdoor at Geetanjali Medical college and Hospital, Udaipur Method: The prescriptions of 793 out patients were analyzed using the specially designed form which included 1417 drug dosage form. The prescriptions were analyzed for the following – total no. of drugs per prescription, duration of treatment, type of drug dosage form, frequency of administration, no. of antibiotics used in prescription, percentage use of generic name in prescription, and other drugs used in treatment. Result: Prescription auditing shows that average no. of drugs prescribed per prescription was 1.778 described that low drug prescription rate was found in the study. Single drug prescription was found in 55.36 % of patients followed by two drugs in 23.46%. Eye drops prescribed among drugs in majority (69.37%) of patients followed by 15.74 % as ointment. The most commonly used antibiotic was tobramycin in 22.01% followed by combination of antibiotic with steroid in 23.43 % and ciprofloxacin in 9.6 % of patients. Conclusion: In this study there is a scope of improving the habits of prescribing rational prescriptions by educational intervention. It is also a necessity to formulate and standardize drug policy, conduct prescription audit and remove undue influence of salesmanship by forming Drug and Therapeutic committee.
KEY WORDS: Prescription pattern, Dosage form, Therapeutic agent, Generic name.
PDF FULL TEXT
______________________________________________________________________________________________
RELIABILITY OF VISUAL ACUITY MEASUREMENT BY SMARTPHONE BASED APPLICATION
Dr. Virendra Singh Lodha
ABSTRACT:
Background: The use of Smartphone and tablet have become very common in the present era and these gadgets have found many uses other than telephony specially in medical science where they can be used for online reference, diagnosis, patients records and monitoring. Many applications are available or developed to be used for diagnostic purposes in ophthalmology, particularly for visual acuity testing which reflects the functional status of the eyes and related nervous system. This study is planned to compare results of visual acuity measurement by a Smartphone and conventional Snellen visual acuity chart. Methods: Distance visual acuity of 92 eyes of 46 persons was measured in outpatient department of ophthalmology with Snellen chart at 6 meters distance and with an application made for 2 meters distance on a Smartphone. Results: The results of visual acuity measured by Smartphone with Snellen optotypes configured for 2 meter distance were reliable, with 92.35% results matching the results obtained with standard Snellen chart at 6 meters distance and remaining results within one line of difference. Conclusions: The results of visual acuity measurement with Smartphone are reliable and this method can be used for screening in community health programme anywhere especially in rural areas and schools, without the need of setting up Snellen chart. This is a convenient and inexpensive method and can be used by trained health workers.
Key Words: Smartphone, Visual acuity.
PDF FULL TEXT
______________________________________________________________________________________________
COMPARATIVE EVALUATION OF CLONIDINE VS DEXMEDETOMIDINE FOR LAPAROSCOPIC SURGERY BY RAMSAY SCORE AND ADVERSE EFFECTS
Dr Naitik Patel
ABSTRACT:
Background: Clonidine and Dexmedetomidine acts as exogenous agonist for α2 adrenoceptors and exerts benefits in anesthesia in reduction in anaesthetic dose, sedation, attenuation of stress response and analgesia. Material & Methods: In the present retrospective study, Patients with ASA grades I and II and who were operated under laparoscopic procedure during the one year of study period were enrolled by simple random sampling and randomized for two equal groups. Results: In the present study, out of the total study participants on the basis of Ramsay sedation scores, it was found that Ramsay score of 3 was most common among both the groups which were followed by Ramsay score of 4. The Ramsay score 2 and 5 were the least recorded scores. In the group 1 the mean Ramsay sedation score was 3.31 ± 1.32. In the group 2 the mean Ramsay sedation score was 3.14 ± 1.01. This difference was statistically non-significant (p value > 0.05). Hypotension was the most common adverse effect reported among both the study groups. Rebound hypertension was not reported among study participants of both the groups. Conclusion: We concluded from the present study that Both Clonidine and Dexmedetomidine were found to be significantly effective in reducing the hemodynamic response due to formation of pneumoperitoneum during laparoscopic surgeries and both Clonidine and Dexmedetomidine provides adequate postoperative analgesia and sedation as a premedication agent.
Key words: Clonidine, Dexmedetomidine, Laparoscopic surgery.
PDF FULL TEXT
______________________________________________________________________________________________
DETERMINATION AND PREDICTION OF RESPIRABLE DUST CAUSING PNEUMOCONIOSIS AT TERTIARY CARE CENTER.
Dr. Mahindrakar MM, Kapse VR, Totewad D
ABSTRACT:
Background: Pneumoconiosis is reported to be an occupational lung disease, which is caused by the inhalation of respirable dust. Workers in occupations related to silica, coal, asbestoses dust exposure are characterized by increased foci of fibrogenesis which result in radiological and pathological findings in the lungs. In most circumstances, Pneumoconiosis only develops subsequent to substantial occupational exposures. Material & Methods: The present prospective study was conducted at the Department of Tuberculosis and Chest Disease of our tertiary care hospital. The study was an observational study conducted during a period of one year. The study was done at a 95% confidence interval at 10% of maximum allowable error. 100 patients who were diagnosed with Pneumoconiosis were enrolled in the study. Results: In the present study, the mean duration of exposure to silica, coal, asbestoses dust was 15.4 ± 5.3 years. Most of the patients belong to the economically productive age group (18-60 years) and none of the patients were above sixty years. The mean age of study participants was 45.4 ± 7.2 years. All patients had a cough at presentation out of which 73% patients had a dry cough and 27% patients with productive coughs, four patients experienced the loss of appetite. 81% of patients had a history of smoking. Chest X-rays of all patients revealed bilateral, widespread, reticulonodular, and nodular appearances. 63% of patients had worked on crusher machines and 37% patients as a manual stone cutters. One patient was put on bilateral tube thoracostomy and unilateral tube thoracostomy was done in two patients. Conclusion: We concluded from the present study that inhalation of coal, quartz, asbestoses, silica dust was commonly associated with adverse health effects and can cause serious morbidities like pneumoconiosis and mortalities. Hence, all preventive measures and the hazard assessment tool are necessary for all employers to evaluate the potential exposure of airborne respirable coal, quartz, asbestoses, silica dust particles at the workplace.
Keywords: Pneumoconiosis, occupational lung disease, clinical profile.
PDF FULL TEXT
______________________________________________________________________________________________
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN HbA1C AND FASTING SUGAR LEVELS AND TWO HOURS AFTER 75 G ORAL GLUCOSE IN DIABETES MELLITUS
Dr. Sabir Ali,
ABSTRACT:
Background: The primary screening for diabetes mellitus detection is the fasting blood glucose (FBS) test, considered the best and most common method with a cutoff point >126 mg/dl. However, challenges arise, such as requiring an 8-hour fasting period and limited applicability in the afternoon. In centralized screening with laboratory facilities, the oral 75 gm glucose test and HbA1c test (percentage of glycated hemoglobin) are recommended to detect true incidence or prevalence. Material & Methods: The present cross sectional, prospective study was carried out at department of General Medicine, at our tertiary care hospital. The study duration was of six months from January 2014 to June 2014. A sample size of 100 was calculated at 95% confidence interval at 10% acceptable margin of error by epi info software version 7.3. In this prospective study patients of age of both the genders were enrolled for the study. Results:. In the present study, out of total study participants the mean HbA1c (%) levels were 8.1 ± 1.6, mean value of fasting blood glucose was 149.7 ± 17.9 mg/dl and the blood glucose 2 hours after 75 g oral glucose (mg/dl) was 208.2 ± 13.4. Majority of study participants were on oral hypoglycemic drugs. On applying Pearsons correlation parametric statistics it was found that the values of fasting blood glucose were positively correlated with HbA1c levels (r = 0.67). it was also found that the values of blood glucose 2 hours after 75 g oral glucose (mg/dl) were also positively correlated with HbA1c levels (r = 0.69). Conclusion: We concluded from the present study that the both fasting blood glucose and oral 75gm glucose test were positively correlated with HbA1c levels however 2 hours after 75 g oral glucose had a better correlation with HbA1c than fasting blood glucose level.
Keywords: glycated hemoglobin, fasting blood glucose, oral 75 gm glucose test.
______________________________________________________________________________________________
EVALUATION OF CLINICO-HEMATOLOGICAL PROFILE ON THE BASIS OF BONE MARROW ASPIRATIONS AMONG CHILDREN
Dr. Anil Rathi
ABSTRACT:
Background: The rationale for conducting the study on bone marrow aspiration lies in its critical role in providing detailed information that cannot be obtained through routine hematology examinations of blood samples alone. By performing bone marrow aspirations, clinicians can gain valuable insights into cellular morphology, hematopoietic activity, and the presence or absence of iron stores. Material & Methods: The present cross sectional, prospective study was carried out at department of pediatrics, at our tertiary care hospital. The study duration was of six months from January 2013 to June 2013. In this prospective study we enrolled 100 children of age group of 0-18 years requiring bone marrow examination for various hematological disorders and enrolled by simple random sampling. Results: In the present study, out of total enrolled participants, on the basis of laboratory diagnosis on the basis of bone marrow aspiration it was found that 52% of children had iron deficiency anemia, 22% of children had dual deficiency anemia, 16% of children had megaloblastic anemia, 3% children had ITP, 2% children had malaria, 1% children had lyphohistocytosis and 2% children had anemia of chronic diseases. All study participants (100%) had pallor, 32% children had fever, 2% children had icterus, 3% children had petechiae, 2% children had hepatomegaly and 2% children had splenomegaly. There was no mortality reported in present study. Conclusion: We concluded from the present study that, the most prevalent condition identified during our study through bone marrow examination was micronutrient deficiency anemia, with a particular emphasis on iron deficiency anemia.
Keywords: bone marrow aspiration, Iron deficiency anemia, megaloblastic anemia.
PDF FULL TEXT
