International Journal of Medical Sciences and Education (IJMSE)
Vol. 8 Issue: 1 (Jan.-March 2021), 

1.    MOTIVATIONAL FACTORS INFLUENCING THE DECISION OF SCHOOL GRADUATES TO APPLY FOR                   MEDICAL SCHOOL                                                                                                                                          1-5   
       Alsawi Y A Yusuf , Abdelsalam M H Elfaki                                                                                    PDF FULL TEXT

ABSTRACT

Background: To investigate the factors that influenced the choice for medical school, by first-year medical students in Kordofan University. Methods: A self-administered questionnaire was distributed to the first-year students.  Demographic information, the grade achieved in the high school certificate examination and the number of times the student took that examination, the most important factor that influenced the decision and the relative importance of each factor on a scale of 1-5 were filled in. Results: Of the 200 first year students, 158 students participated and returned a filled questionaire. Most were females (63.3%). Mean age was 18.06 years. Most students came from families with educated parents. Only about 5% of fathers and 7.6% of mothers were illiterate. The majority came from middle income families (58.23%) and 42.4% had one physician or more in the family. The mean grade in examination was 88.26%.  Most students took it more than once (mean 1.85 times).The main motivational factors were the desire to help people (n=144, 91.1%) and the personal preference (n= 110, 69.6%). Conclusion: Most medical students in this study were females, from middle income families with educated parents. Most students chose medical school to help people in need and to satisfy a personal desire. Family influence played a relatively important role. Only a minority considered the financial gains or social prestige.
Keywords: medical education, medical school, motivation theories.

2.    SARS-COV2 ANTIVIRAL TESTING REPORT OF ACT 12 AND 13: SHORT COMMUNICATION                 6-9
       Dr. Shridhar Pandya, Mr. Chetan Savaliya                                                                                 PDF FULL TEXT

ABSTRACT

Background: In the current scenario of COVID-19 to take a step towards nutraceuticals and herbal medicines as a potential antiviral against COVID-19, and to encourage the use of nutraceuticals and herbal therapies as preventive steps towards SARS-CoV-2 virus till the other specific drugs and vaccines are discovered. By considering the current need for an effective medicine against the Coronavirus, GP Life Healthcare Pvt. Ltd. has proposed a product with renowned Phytoconstituents to evaluate its antiviral potential against SARS-CoV-2 and developed formulation ACT 12 & ACT 13 a potential candidate in the treatment of COVID-19 infection. Methods: The test substances were screened to determine the cytotoxic and Antiviral activities. The assay was done in a 96-well plate format in 3 wells for each sample. The results were compared with the positive control (Remdesivir). The results were recorded at definite time intervals i.e. after 24hrs and 48 hrs. Result: In the present study, it was evident that the test substance demonstrates no cytotoxicity. The ACT 12 demonstrating favorable results in % inhibition of viral replication assay. Conclusion: It was found from the study that there was no toxicity observed related to the test substance. Thus it depicts the safety of test substances, as well as its potential in inhibition of viral replication in cell culture, demonstrates its efficacy.
Keywords: SARS-CoV-2, Remdesivir, Antiviral, Cytotoxicity

3.   DOES 2 ML BLOOD SAMPLE IN BACT/ALERT BLOOD CULTURE VERSUS 1 ML INCREASES YIELD OF              ORGANISMS IN PREVIOUSLY ANTIBIOTIC-TREATED NEONATES OF MORE THAN 30 WEEKS GESTATION                                                                                                                                                                                  10-13
       Dr Sourabh Singh,Dr Siddharth Singh Rathore                                                                        PDF FULL TEXT

ABSTRACT

Background: The problem in NICU is that outborn neonates referred to us usually come after receiving multiple antibiotics. Now we do not have neonatal blood culture (Bact /ALERT) bottles. We send blood culture in paediatric Bact /ALERT bottles. For proper blood to broth ratio, 2 ml blood sample should be taken in paediatric Bact /ALERT bottles. The previously antibiotic-treated neonates usually have low colony counts and due to the inhibitory effects of antibiotics, cultures usually come negative. If we use proper dilutions of the blood sample and culture media to reduce the antibacterial effect, it is expected to increase the yield of organisms in previously antibiotic-treated neonates. Method: All extramural neonates > 30 weeks gestation admitted in NICU having clinical features and signs of neonatal sepsis and with prior exposure to antibiotics were enrolled. With all sterile precautions, paired blood culture samples of 2 ml and 1 ml were taken. Result: The number of total blood culture positives were 40 out of 140 cultures. Blood culture positivity was 28.6%. 30 blood cultures were common in both 2 ml and 1 ml blood samples while 10 were positive in 1 ml blood samples and another 10 in 2 ml blood samples. The value of kappa is 0.65 which shows substantial agreement between the two samples.  Conclusion: Our study suggests that in previously antibiotic-treated neonates, increasing volume of blood in the BacT/ALERT system neither lead to an increase in yield of organisms nor  do any decrease in the isolation time
Keywords: previously antibiotic-treated neonates, BacT/ALERT blood culture

4.    EVALUATION OF FEBRILE SEIZURES AMONG CHILDREN TREATED AT DAY CARE FACILITY OF                         TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL :  A RETROSPECTIVE STUDY                                                                        14-17
       Dr. Vidya Parshuram Paranjape, Dr Abender singh manju, Dr Jaswant Goyal,
       Dr Ajay Kumar Arora                                                                                                                     PDF FULL TEXT

ABSTRACT

Background: Febrile seizures are the most frequent seizure type and reported among 2 to 5% of children aged less than 5 years with a pinnacle rate in the second year of life. Previous studies on febrile seizures were considered utilizing large epidemiologic surveys and researches. Febrile seizures are previously reported as benign as kind, however there is ongoing researches that recommends a little subset of children that present with seizures and fever may have recurrent febrile seizures or epilepsy. Material & Methods: The present retrospective study was conducted at department of Department of pediatrics of our tertiary care hospital. The study duration was September 2018 to September, 2019. A sample size of 100 was calculated at 95 % confidence interval at 5 % acceptable margin of error by epi info software version 7.2. Patients were enrolled from outdoor and from ward by simple random sampling. All children aged between 6 months to 5 years who were diagnosed as febrile seizures were enrolled in the present study. Results: In present study, out of the total study participants, family history of febrile seizure was present among 61% children and absent in 39% children. However, this difference was statistically non- significant ( p value >0.05). On the basis of type of febrile seizure, out of the total study participants 83% children had simple type of febrile seizure and 17% children had complex type of febrile seizure. However, this difference was statistically non- significant (p-value >0.05). On the basis of type of infection, upper respiratory tract infections were the most commonly present among 22% children, which was followed by lower respiratory tract infections among 21% children, followed by acute gastroenteritis among 18% children. 19% children had other infections irrespective to above three and 20% of children had no infection. Conclusion: We concluded from the present study that most common type of febrile seizure present in children was simple and predominant in male gender with positive family history. The most common infections associated with febrile seizures were upper and lower respiratory tract infections and acute gastroenteritis.
Keywords: Febrile seizure, Respiratory tract infection, Acute gastroenteritis.

5.    ASSESSMENT OF PREVALENCE OF HYPERURICEMIA AMONG NEWLY DIAGNOSED PATIENTS OF TYPE         2 DIABETES MELLITUS                                                                                                                                 18-21
       Dr. Amit Anand Patel, Dr. Jitesh Aggarwal                                                                                PDF FULL TEXT

ABSTRACT

Background: Various studies have been reported that the association of serum uric acid levels with diabetes as a risk factor among prediabetes individuals to type 2 diabetes mellitus. It is well known that Serum uric acid is formed in the body by the breakdown of purines. Various studies have been reported that elevated serum uric acid is found to be associated with diabetes mellitus. Material & Methods: The present prospective study was conducted at the Department of General medicine of our tertiary care hospital. Patients were enrolled from the outdoor and the ward by simple random sampling. Clearance from Institutional Ethics Committee was taken before the start of the study. Written informed consent was taken from each study participant. All newly diagnosed patients (diagnosed within 3 months) with diabetic Mellitus were enrolled in the present study. Results. In the present study, based on HbA1c levels and hyperuricemia, out of the total majority of study participants 30% patients had HbA1C levels 6.5-8 out of these 10 patients had hyperuricemia which was followed by 29% patients had HbA1C levels >11 out of these 15 patients had hyperuricemia which was followed by 24% patients had HbA1C levels 8.1-9.5 out of these 11 patients had hyperuricemia which was followed by 17% patients had HbA1C levels 9.6-11 out of these 8 patients had hyperuricemia. This difference was statistically non-significant. Conclusion: We concluded from the present study that serum uric acid may be used as an independent diagnostic marker for the risk of the development of prediabetes to diabetes and its progression and complications. Patients with high HbA1C levels should be tested for serum uric acid levels.
Keywords: hyperuricemia, Diabetics Mellitus, HbA1C levels.

6.    AUDITORY DISTURBANCES ACCOMPANYING THE USE OF MOBILE PHONES AMONG MEDICAL                         STUDENTS- A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY                                                                                              22-30
       Dr. Almas J. Vakil, Dr. Pratibha Vyas, Dr. Nikhil Soni                                                             PDF FULL TEXT

ABSTRACT

Background: Mobile telephony has emerged as one of the greatest technological accomplishments of the present century. Their inadvertent use puts millions, especially youngsters at a risk of developing noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL). This study was aimed to assess the auditory disturbances accompanying the use of mobile phones among medical students. Methods:  The study was conducted in the Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery at Mahatma Gandhi Medical College and Hospital, Jaipur, on a total of 290 medical students. A detailed history of all participants was taken, followed by a meticulous clinical examination. A detailed questionnaire enquiring about the pattern of use of mobile phones was distributed to all the students. Assessment of hearing was done by pure tone audiometry (PTA). Results: The study included 144 (49.7%) students who were males and 146 (50.3%) who were females. The mean age of the students was 21.47±1.72 years. The mean hearing thresholds in both ears, at all frequencies, were correlated with daily usage hours and years of use. They were found to be significantly correlating at 4000 Hz (P<0.05). This correlation was not found to be significant at other frequencies (p >0.05). The mean hearing thresholds in both ears at all frequencies were also correlated between males and females. A significant correlation was found at 4000 Hz (P=0.001). This correlation was not found to be significant at other frequencies (p>0.05). Conclusions: The permanence of noise-induced hearing loss underlines the importance of noise damage prevention caused by the use of mobile phones, by making small changes in daily routine right from early days before irreversible changes start.
Keywords: Hearing thresholds; Mobile phones; Noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL); Pure Tone Audiometry (PTA).