International Journal of Medical Sciences and Education (IJMSE)
Vol. 2; Issue: 4 (Oct-Dec 2015) , Date of Publication: 01.01.2016
REVALENCE OF METABOLIC SYNDROME AMONG NEWLY DIAGNOSED HYPERTENSIVE PATIENTS IN A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL AT UDAIPUR
B.L.Somani ,A.P.Gupta
ABSTRACT:
Objective: In developing countries like India, there is a very high prevalence of hypertension and diabetes mellitus in the population attributed to metabolic syndrome. This study is planned to study the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MS) among newly diagnosed hypertensive patients. MS prevalence was estimated by modified National Cholesterol Education Program-Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEP-ATP III) criteria. Material and Methods: In our hospital-based cross-sectional study one hundred and seventy one newly diagnosed hypertensive patients above the age of 18 years in Pacific Institute of Medical Sciences and Hospital, Udaipur, Rajasthan were studied. Student's t-test and Chi-square test were used to compare the continuous variables and discrete variables respectively. All analyses were done using SPSS version 10.Result: Prevalence of metabolic syndrome was 43.86 % (n=75) in patients of hypertension. The prevalence of metabolic syndrome was higher in women 62.67 % (n=47) as compared to men 37.33% (n=28). The most common abnormality found was obesity (high waist circumference), seen in 90.67 % (n=68), followed by low HDL-C in 81.33 % (n=61) an abnormal triglyceride (TG) level in 77.33 % (n=58) and abnormal fasting blood sugar (FBS) 73.33 % (n=55). Conclusion: The prevalence of metabolic syndrome is high among newly diagnosed female hypertensive patients as compared to males. So there is requirement of routine screening of risk factors responsible for morbidity and mortality related to cardiovascular disease.
Key Words: Metabolic syndrome, hypertension, triglyceride, obesity, HDL, FBS
PDF FULL TEXT
____________________________________________________________________________
COMPARISON OF THE EFFECT OF CLONIDINE AND DEXMEDETOMIDINE PREMEDICATION ON THE INTRAOCULAR PRESSURE AND HEMODYNAMIC CHANGES AFTER SUCCINYLCHOLINE ADMINISTRATION AND ENDOTRACHEAL INTUBATION IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ELECTIVE NON-OPHTHALMIC SURGERIES UNDER GENERAL ANAESTHESIA
Dr.Gaurav Sharma,Dr Usha Bafna ,Dr Yogendra singh Gurjar,Dr Tuhin Mistry, Dr.Rama Chattarjee, Dr.Sunita Meena
ABSTRACT:
Background: Succinylecholine during anaesthesia can cause transient increase in intraocular pressure (IOP). We have assessed and compared the effect of clonidine and dexmedetomidine as IV premedication in attenuating rise in IOP following laryngoscopy and tracheal intubation following administration of succinylcholine. Methods: Prospective, double blind, observational study was conducted in 111 patients undergoing elective non-ophthalmic surgery under general anesthesia. Patients were randomly allocated into three groups to receive normal saline (Group I), 2 µg/kg clonidine (Group II) and 0.5 µg/kg dexmedetomidine (Group III) as premedication IV over a period of 10 min before induction. Post induction, Laryngoscopy and intubation were performed after succinylcholine 2 mg/kg IV. IOP, heart rate and mean arterial pressure were recorded. Results: Mean baseline IOP of all 3 groups were comparable (13.3 ± 1.2, 13.8 ± 1.2 and 13.7 ± 1.1). The abrupt rise in IOP after succinylcholine and intubation were blunted in both Group II and III, as there was less increase in IOP from baseline as compared with the Group I and this difference was statistically significant (p<0.05). In both Group II and Group III, IOP returns to baseline at just 3 min. after intubation and remains below baseline value at 6 and 9 min. after intubation while in Group I it returns to baseline only at 9 min. after intubation. Conclusion: Single IV dose of dexmedetomidine as premedication blunted the abrupt increase in IOP following succinylcholine administration and tracheal intubation more effectively than clonidine.
Key-words: Premedication, clonidine, dexmedetomidine, intraocular pressure, succinylcholine, laryngoscopy, intubation.
PDF FULL TEXT
____________________________________________________________________________
PRE AND POST-PRANDIAL CHANGES IN BP IN OBESE AND NON OBESE POPULATION: A COMPARATIVE STUDY AT A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL
Dr.Rashmi Modwal,Dr.Kishore Moolrajani
ABSTRACT:
Background: A higher or lower sympathetic tone having higher or lower catecholamine levels along with varied abnormalities in autonomic nervous system associated with obesity which finally leads to change in the function of heart such as arrhythmia along with involvement of other systems, ultimately lead to sudden death. This study planned to find pre and post-prandial changes in BP in obese and non obese persons in the age group of 15 to 45 years. Materials and Methods: 40 obese and 40 non obese patients admitted to our hospital over a period of two months were included in the study. Random selection of patients was made from Department of Medicine, JNU Medical College and Hospital, Jaipur. Both systolic and diastolic blood pressure was measured in supine position of the right arm using sphygmomanometer 30 minutes before and 30 minutes after meals. Then fall in BP was recorded. BMI of patients was measured to identify grade of obesity. Results: Mean systolic (pre-prandial 126.28, post-prandial 117.9) and diastolic blood pressure (pre-prandial 79.2 and post-prandial 74.6) was found, which was higher in obese than non obese patients. This study was statistically significant (p value <0.05).Conclusion: Fall in BP was significantly higher in obese (14 patients out of 50) as compared to non obese (3 patients out of 40) patients. Reduced cardiac sympathetic tone leads to post-prandial hypotension were significantly associated in obese patients.
Key Words: Systolic BP, Diastolic BP, Post-prandial, Obese, Non-obese.
PDF FULL TEXT
____________________________________________________________ ________________
KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDE & PERCEPTION OF PATIENTS VISITING A DENTAL INSTITUTIONAL HOSPITAL FOR ROUTINE MANUAL VS ULTRASONIC SCALING AND POLISHING TREATMENT.
Dr.Shilpa Saini, Dr. Devaraj.C.G, Dr. Pranati Eswar, Dr. Ashish Yadav.
ABSTRACT:
Objective:To evaluate the clinical efficacy and compare the attitudes of patients towards the benefits and cost of routine scaling and polishing and to compare the experience of using manual versus ultrasonic instruments to scale teeth. Methods: Participants were healthy adults with no significant periodontal diseases randomly allocated to two groups to receive scaling and polishing.50 patients participated in this study. Patients were randomly allocated to either group. Patients' attitudes towards, and experience of, the scaling and polishing were elicited by means of self-administered questionnaires. Result: The majority of patients (99%) believed a scaling and polishing was beneficial. Patients considered ultrasonic treatment to be appropriate on significantly more occasions than they did for manual scaling and polishing (P < 0.001). Patient discomfort: with ultrasonic scaling 69.2% felt 'a little uncomfortable' or worse compared with 60% of those undergoing manual treatment (P = 0.072). Conclusion: Routine scaling and polishing is considered beneficial by patients. The majority of patients, regardless of treatment method, experience some degree of discomfort when undergoing a scaling and polishing procedure.
Key Words: ultrasonic scaling, hand scaling, benefit of scaling.
.
PDF FULL TEXT
_______________________________________________________________________________
A RETROSPECTIVE ANALYSIS OF ABNORMAL CERVICAL CYTOLOGY DETECTED BY PAP SMEAR
Sumit Prakash Rathore, Manish Kumar , Rana K. Sherwani.
ABSTRACT:
Objective: Pap smear test for screening programs as prevention and early diagnosis are major factors in reducing morbidity and mortality resulting from cervical neoplasia. This study is planned to analyse pap smear retrospectively which were stained at tertiary care teaching hospital. Materials & Methods: The present retrospective study was conducted in the department of Pathology after taking approval from institutional ethics committee. All the smears from 2007 to 2011 which were collected by the department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology and were stained by using Papanicolaou stain were studied. Cytohistopathologic correlation was done wherever available. Age, religion and presenting complaints were recorded with each smear studied from the patient record sheets.Results: A total of 1000 cases were retrospectively analyzed. The highest numbers of cases were found in the 4th decade i.e. 336 cases (33.6%). Mean age of the patients was 39.13 ± 4.63 years. 583 patients (58.3%) were Muslims while non-Muslim constituted 417 cases (41.7%). The most common presenting complaint was discharge per vaginum seen in 648 patients (64.8%). Inflammation was the most common finding seen in 878 smears (87.8%). Out of these 878 smears, 765 smears (76.5%) had nonspecific, 87 smears (8.7%) had atrophy and 26 smears (2.6%) had organism specified inflammatory smears. Mild, moderate and severe dysplasia were seen in 125 smears (12.5%), 36 smears (3.6%) and 25 (2.5%) smears respectively. Carcinoma in situ was seen in only one smear (0.1%).Conclusion: Though there are certain limitations of this test, it is the most effective, valuable, practical, easily administered and cost effective screening method for abnormal cervical cytology.
Key words: Pap smear, cervical cancer, dysplasia, screening method.
PDF FULL TEXT
_______________________________________________________________________________
BLOOD STREAM INFECTIONS CAUSED BY ESBL AND AMPC PRODUCING GRAM NEGATIVE BACILLI IN A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL
Gaurav Dalela,Vaseem Naheed Baig, Jitendra Ahuja, Nilofar Khayyam4 Arvind Sharma
ABSTRACT:
Objective: Knowledge of the spectrum of micro-organisms involved in bloodstream infections is needed to guide the selection of empirical antibiotics and their drug resistant mechanism. To find out the susceptibility patterns, prevalence of ESBL and AmpC β-lactamase producing gram-negative bacilli isolated from Blood samples obtained from IPD, OPD and ICU’s of SMS and allied hospitals, Jaipur. Material And Methods: Total 872 Blood culture samples were received from different wards, intensive care units and outpatient departments of SMS Hospital, J.K.Lon Hospital, Mahila Chikitsalaya, Zanana Hospital and Mental hospital in the Department of Microbiology, SMS Medical College, Jaipur from May 2007 to December 2007. These strains (total no. 63) were tested for Antibiotic susceptibility testing, ESBL production and AmpC production as per CLSI guidelines. Result: The maximum isolated strains were Klebsiella pneumoniae, followed by Enterobacter spp., Escherichia coli, Acinetobacter spp etc. Most sensitive antibiotic was meropenam followed by cefoperazone + sulbactum and piperacillin + tazobactum. Most resistant antibiotic was ceftriaxone. The overall production of ESBL was 82.5% (M/C in Escherichia coli) and of AmpC β lactamase was 26.9% (M/C in Enterobacter spp.).Conclusion:As newer bacterial pathogens are originating with different mechanism of action on drugs, therefore training must be done to prevent spread of resistance mechanism. If laboratories continue to lag behind in detecting pathogens with the help of advanced techniques, new pathogens will spread resulting in increasing problems and increase cost for patients and institutions. To prevent the emergence of ESBL and AmpC producing strains a strategy is to be formed for effective control and treatment.
Keywords: Blood stream infection, ESBl, AmpC, antibiotic resistance.
PDF FULL TEXT
_______________________________________________________________________________
STUDY OF HISTOMORPHOLOGICAL SPECTRUM OF ENDOMETRIUM IN PATIENTS PRESENTING WITH ABNORMAL UTERINE BLEEDING
Diwan R, Mathur M
ABSTRACT:
Background: abnormal uterine bleeding is a very common complaint in gynecology OPD in all age groups. Histomorphological diagnosis is essential for workup of abnormal uterine bleeding. Dysfunction uterine bleeding is a clinical term used to describe bleeding not attributable to organic cause. Aim-To study histomorphological spectrum of endometrial samples from patients of abnormal uterine bleeding. Material & methods: A total of 279 endometrial samples of AUB were studied over the period of 4 years. Samples were received in 10% formalin and processed. Sections were stained by H & E stain. Patients were catogorised into reproductive (<40years), perimenopausal (40-50years) and post menopausal (>50years) age groups. Histopathological diagnosis was made and further categorization was done for all the cases. Results: A total of 279 cases were evaluated. Out of which maximum 166 cases belongs to perimenopausal group(40-50years).Predominant finding overall was proliferative endometrium 47.3%.In reproductive age group proliferative endometrium is most common cause. In perimenopausal age group apart from proliferating and secretory patterns, simple hyperplasia without atypia was also an important cause for DUB. In postmenopausal age group (>50 years) Atrophy and malignancy apart from Proliferating endometrium were the predominant causes. Conclusion: The histopathological diagnosis shows various findings which may vary with the age ranging from normal proliferating endometrium to malignancy. So histopathological examination is mandatory in abnormal uterine bleeding, as specific diagnosis can help the physician to successfully manage the patients.
Key words: Dysfunctional uterine bleeding, abnormal uterine bleeding, proliferative phase.
PDF FULL TEXT
_______________________________________________________________________________
PAIN AND GAIN OF BCG MAINTENANCE THERAPY IN NMIBC (NON-MUSCLE-INVASIVE BLADDER CANCER)
Dr. Nisar Ahmed, Dr. Shubham Lavania, Dr. Lokesh Sharma, Dr. Ayush Khetarpal
ABSTRACT:
Background: To study the benefits of maintenance dose Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) and their adverse in the treatment of non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC).Method: From August 2012 to September 2015, 59 patients with NMIBC (T1, Ta, Cis transitional cell carcinoma) were treated with complete transurethral resection followed by BCG induction and maintenance. We employed 120 mg (full dose) during induction phase was conducted once a month for six consecutive months and maintenance phase with 120 mg instillation at 3, 6 and 12 months with follow up of 1year or more. Result: Recurrence free rate was seen in 80.7% (46 patients). No disease progression noted. Local adverse effects were seen in 49 patients (83.05%). These were cystitis grade 1 in 66.10%, cystitis grade 2 in 20.33%, pyuria in 33.89%, gross hematuria in 23.56% and fever with malaise in 15.20%. Dose reduction was needed in 22.81% of patients. No systemic adverse effect seen requiring discontinuation of drug administration. Conclusion: Maintenance BCG therapy decrease recurrence and progression of the disease but to the cost of adverse effects. The optimum dose of BCG needs further study.
Keywords: BCG instillation, maintenance therapy, adverse effects, recurrence free rate, non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC).
PDF FULL TEXT
_________________________________________________________________________________
DRY EYE DISEASE IN PATIENTS WITH DIABETES MELLITUS TYPE II
Virendra Singh Lodha
ABSTRACT:
Background: Dry eye disease and Diabetes mellitus are two major public health problems which are increasing in incidence.This study is planned to determine the prevalence of dry eye disease in type 2 diabetic patients. Method: The present study was conducted on total of 60 persons between the age group of 40 – 60 years visiting the Ophthalmology Department of the Pacific Medical College and Hospital, Udaipur, out of which 30 persons were non-diabetic and 30 persons were suffering from Diabetes Mellitus type II. After performing a routine ophthalmic examination of measuring visual acuity, refraction and slit lamp examination, Schirmer test 1 (without anaesthesia) was performed. Result: In the age group of 40 – 50 years 9 diabetics (30%) were Schirmer test positive as compared with 4 subjects (13.3%) from the control group. In the age group of 51 – 60 years 13 diabetics (43.3%) were Schirmer positive as compared to 7 (23.3%) in the control group. The incidence of Schirmer positive test indicating presence of dry eye disease was observed to be high in diabetics (36.6%) as compared to the incidence in the control group (18.3%) with a higher incidence in the age group of 51 – 60 years in both the groups.Conclusion: It can be concluded that the incidence of dry eye disease is higher in diabetics and need to be diagnosed and treated early by health care providers.
Keywords: computers and mobile phones, environmental pollution, Schirmer test strip.
PDF FULL TEXT
___________________________________________________________________________________
A HISTOLOGICAL STUDY ON THE EFFECT OF DICLOFENAC SODIUM (DECLOPHEN) AND DICLOFENAC POTESSIUM ADMINISTRATION ON SPERMATOGENESIS CELLS OF ALBINO RATS
Dr.Ram Singh Verma
ABSTRACT:
Background: To aim of the study is to find effect of Diclofenac sodium and diclofenac potessium administration on spermatogenesis cells of albino rats by studying the histological changes in the testis of rats. Material & Methods: It was an animal model experimental study conducted in department of pharmacology ,G S V M Medical College, and Kanpur, for this work 90 male albino- rats were taken and divided into two groups (A,B,C )containing, 30 rats each. The rats of group A served as a control group; and group B served as a Diclofenac sodium and Group C Diclofenac K .Five rats of each group will be sacrificed on day 15, 30 45 60,75 and 90 respectively under ether anesthesia for observation of testis and epididymis. Results : Treatment with Diclofenac sodium and potessium did not significantly affect body weight, and testis weights, but there were significant differences in spermatogenesisand well correlated with duration of drug administartion. Conclusion : Diclofenac potassium administration in albino rats also causes suppression of spermatogenesis. This suppression of spermatogenesis is directly proportional to the duration of drug administration and is reversible in nature, Suppression of spermatogenesis is more marked than diclofenac sodium group .
Keywords: Cox 2 Inhibitors, Spermatotoxic, Spermatids, NSAIDS.
PDF FULL TEXT
______________________________________________________________________________________________
COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY VERSUS MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING FOR DIAGNOSING OF ORAL CAVITY SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA
Dr Kapil Vyas, Dr Dwarka Prashad Agrawal
ABSTRACT:
Background: The sixth most common malignancy in the world is oral cancer. In India cancer of oral cavity is third most common cancer among both sexes out of them the most common variant is squamous cell carcinoma. In present scenario noninvasive staging techniques are being used frequently including clinical examination, CT scan and MRI. For staging the lymph nodes via CT and MRI Criteria used is based upon the size of the lymph nodes, the existence of central necrosis and presence of indistinct nodal margins. Material & Methods: A total of 100 patients were prospectively recruited into this study. Inclusion criteria comprised a clinical diagnosis of SCC in the oral cavity, no prior treatment to the head or neck region, and patients were scheduled for dissection. In these patients, the preoperative evaluation was accomplished using CT scan and MRI for all patients within 2 week before surgery. Results: Out of 100 patients the mandibular involvement present in 80 patients while no bone involvement was present in 20 patients. The accuracy of MR was 94% and that of CT was 84%. McNemar test didn’t show any significant difference in the diagnostic accuracy for the T- stage evaluation between the two modalities (p value = 0.570).Conclusion: We concluded from the present study that MRI comes out to be most accurate, most sensitive and most specific technique for the evaluation of oral squamous cell malignancies.
Key words: Squamous Cell Carcinoma, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Multi-detector row computed tomography.
PDF FULL TEXT
______________________________________________________________________________________________
ASSESSMENT OF THE SURGICAL OUTCOME AND COMPLICATIONS AMONG PATIENTS OF ILEAL PERFORATION
Dr Rajesh Gouri
ABSTRACT:
Background: Gastrointestinal tract perforation leads to the contamination of peritoneal cavity with intestinal contents. Some studies also reported that ileal perforation are accounts for near about 20% of total abdominal surgical emergencies. The most prevalent causes reported are tuberculosis and enteric fever. Material & Methods: The present observational study was conducted at department of general surgery of our tertiary care hospital. The study duration was of one years from June 2017 to May 2018. A sample size of 60 was calculated at 95% confidence interval at 5% of maximum allowable error. Patients who were operated for perforation and peritonitis were enrolled by simple random sampling. Results: Among all patients wound infection was the most common complication (20%). Among study participants who undergone loop ileostomy peristomal skin excoriation was the most common complication present in 9 patients (30%) which was followed by weight loss among 4 patients (13.3%) and retraction was present in 3 (10%) and fluid and electrolyte imbalance reported in 3 patients (10%) and prolapse was reported in only 1 patient (3.3%). Complications in relation to relation to loop Ileostomy closure reported in 5 patients (15%), wound infection was present in 4 patients (13.3%), anastomotic leak was present in 1 patient (3.3%), intraabdominal collections reported in 2 patients (6.6%), wound dehiscence was present in 1 patient (3.3%), and reoperations done in 1 patient (3.3%). The difference of complications between among two groups was statistically significant (𝑃 value < 0.05). Conclusion: We concluded from the present study that among all patients wound infection was the most common complication. Among study participants who undergone loop ileostomy peristomal skin excoriation was the most common complication which was followed by weight loss, retraction, fluid and electrolyte imbalance and prolapse.
Keywords: ileal perforation. primary closure, loop ileostomy.
PDF FULL TEXT
_____________________________________________________________________________________________
PROPHYLACTIC USE OF IV ATROPINE FOR PREVENTION OF SPINAL ANESTHESIA INDUCED HYPOTENSION AND BRADYCARDIA IN ELDERLY; A RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL
Dr Naitik Patel
ABSTRACT:
Background: Hypotension is common complication of spinal anesthesia (SA) and occurs due to decrease in systemic vascular resistance (SVR) and/or cardiac output (CO). Spinal anesthesia induced hypotension causes activation of the inhibited reflexes of tachycardia and along with atropine helps in prevention of hypotension in elderly. Methodology: In this randomized, double-blind, controlled study sixty elder patients planed for inguinal surgeries were included to receive either IV normal saline as placebo or IV atropine 0.6 mg one minute after induction of spinal anesthesia. Heart rate (HR), mean arterial pressure (MAP), were studied intra/postoperatively for 6 hours. Results: The patients were comparable against demographic profile, baseline hemodynamic parameters and duration of surgery. When compared to baseline, MAP and mean HR significantly decreased in placebo group in the study (p<0.05). Comparing intra group, HR and MAP were also significantly decreased in placebo group. The incidence of hypotension was high in placebo (60%) as compared to atropine group (6.667%). Conclusion: Intravenous infusion of atropine 0.6 mg in elderly patients, one min after induction of spinal anesthesia is safe and effective in the prevention of spinal anesthesia induced hypotension and bradycardia.
Key Words: Spinal anesthesia, Atropine, Hypotension, means arterial pressure.
PDF FULL TEXT
_____________________________________________________________________________________________
INTRA-ARTICULAR METHYL PREDNISOLONE INJECTIONS FOR PAIN RELIEF IN OSTEOARTHRITIS OF KNEE
Dr. Sanjiv Bansal, Dr. Sanjay Kumar Singhal
ABSTRACT:
Background: Intra-articular injections are normal not usual treatment utilized in patients impervious to oral analgesics and physiotherapy even in extreme cases who are not willing for medical procedure. Intra-articular steroid injections are utilized generally for the treatment of osteoarthritis non-operatively. Material & Methods: The present prospective study was conducted at our tertiary care hospital. In present study, we had 50 osteoarthritis of knee, who were presented with signs and symptoms of osteoarthritis of knee. Results: In the present study, At the underlying stage before injection all the patients had a mean KSS of 71 with a scope of 54 to 82. At 3 months post injection their KSS were 72. This demonstrated there was no improvement in KSS pre and post steroid injection. The p esteem was seen as >0.05 which was measurably not noteworthy. At the underlying stage before injection all the patients had a mean VAS of 7.3 with a scope of 5 to 9. At 3 months post injection their VAS was 4.1. This demonstrated their VAS score improved extensively pre and post steroid injection. The p esteem was seen as <0.05 which was factually significant. Conclusion: We concluded from the present study that Intra-articular steroid injection for osteoarthritis of knee produces noteworthy relief from discomfort for most patients even in serious cases yet this doesn't mean better utilitarian results.
Key words: Osteoarthritis, Methylprednisolone, Knee society score, Visual analog score
PDF FULL TEXT
______________________________________________________________________________________________
ASSESSMENT OF ROLE OF BLOOD GROUP IN DENGUE PATIENTS
Dr. Indu Saxena, Dr. Sumeet Gupta
ABSTRACT:
Background: All the markers used for diagnosis of dengue and predictor of its severity includes certain laboratory tests age, viral strain, nutritional status, secondary infections, HLA, and ABO blood group. Various studies reported that individuals with different ABO blood groups showed different susceptibility to dengue viral disease. However, few studies have reported the higher prevalence and severity of Dengue among certain blood groups. Material & Methods: The present cross-sectional study was conducted at the department of pathology of our tertiary care hospital. The study duration was of six months from January 2015 to June 2015. Patients who had dengue IgM antibody positive were enrolled for the present study by simple random sampling. Clearance from Institutional Ethics Committee was taken before the start of the study. Results: Based on blood grouping maximum numbers of subjects (40%) were of O blood group, 28% were of A blood group, 27% were of B blood group and 5% were of AB blood group. Among all the blood groups lymphocytosis was predominantly seen (58%) and among all the blood groups it was predominantly reported among O blood group (26%). Among all the blood groups atypical lymphocyte (10-20 %) <20% was predominantly seen (70%) and among all the blood groups it was predominantly reported among O blood group (28%). Among all the blood groups platelet count ≤0.5 lakhs / cu mm was predominantly seen (59%) and among all the blood groups it was predominantly reported among O blood group (23%). These differences were statistically significant (p-value < 0.05). Conclusion: present study concludes that blood groups O and B can be considered as a prognostic marker in dengue case severity.
Keywords: Dengue fever, ABO blood groups, lymphocytosis.
PDF FULL TEXT
____________________________________________________________________________
EVALUATION OF ASSOCIATION OF SMOKING WITH OBSTRUCTIVE AIRWAY DISEASE
MhaisekarDG, Mahindrakar MM, Kapse VR
ABSTRACT:
Background: Background: The most commonly seen obstructive airway diseases are COPD, Asthma, Bronchitis, Bronchiolitis, and Bronchiectasis. Obstructive Airway Disease also imposes an economic burden and increases the out-of-pocket expenditure of the patient and the country. However, the majority of cases were remained undiagnosed despite their high prevalence. A report stated that about 60% of cases of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease remained undiagnosed. Material & Methods: The present prospective study was conducted at the department of respiratory medicine of our tertiary care hospital. The study duration was of one year from January 2014 to December 2014. A sample size of 100 was calculated at a 95% confidence interval at a 5% acceptable margin. Patients were enrolled from outdoor and from the ward by simple random sampling. Clearance from Institutional Ethics Committee was taken before the start of the study. Written informed consent was taken from each study participant. Results: In the present study, on the assessment of obstructive airway disease on the basis of smoking pattern it was found that patients who were current smokers had maximum airflow obstruction (11%), out of the 8 patients had mild obstruction, 3 had moderate obstruction, 1 had a severe obstruction and 1 had a very severe obstruction. 1% of patients who never had a smoking habit had mild obstructive airway disease. 2% of Patients who were ex-smokers had obstructive airway disease, out of them 1 patient had a mild obstruction and 1 had a moderate obstruction. This difference was statistically significant (P value<0.05). Conclusion: We concluded from the present study that Patients who were current smokers had maximum airflow obstruction compared to patients who never had smoking habits and patients who were ex-smokers.
Keywords: Obstructive Airway Disease, Smoking, Spirometry.
PDF FULL TEXT
B.L.Somani ,A.P.Gupta
ABSTRACT:
Objective: In developing countries like India, there is a very high prevalence of hypertension and diabetes mellitus in the population attributed to metabolic syndrome. This study is planned to study the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MS) among newly diagnosed hypertensive patients. MS prevalence was estimated by modified National Cholesterol Education Program-Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEP-ATP III) criteria. Material and Methods: In our hospital-based cross-sectional study one hundred and seventy one newly diagnosed hypertensive patients above the age of 18 years in Pacific Institute of Medical Sciences and Hospital, Udaipur, Rajasthan were studied. Student's t-test and Chi-square test were used to compare the continuous variables and discrete variables respectively. All analyses were done using SPSS version 10.Result: Prevalence of metabolic syndrome was 43.86 % (n=75) in patients of hypertension. The prevalence of metabolic syndrome was higher in women 62.67 % (n=47) as compared to men 37.33% (n=28). The most common abnormality found was obesity (high waist circumference), seen in 90.67 % (n=68), followed by low HDL-C in 81.33 % (n=61) an abnormal triglyceride (TG) level in 77.33 % (n=58) and abnormal fasting blood sugar (FBS) 73.33 % (n=55). Conclusion: The prevalence of metabolic syndrome is high among newly diagnosed female hypertensive patients as compared to males. So there is requirement of routine screening of risk factors responsible for morbidity and mortality related to cardiovascular disease.
Key Words: Metabolic syndrome, hypertension, triglyceride, obesity, HDL, FBS
PDF FULL TEXT
____________________________________________________________________________
COMPARISON OF THE EFFECT OF CLONIDINE AND DEXMEDETOMIDINE PREMEDICATION ON THE INTRAOCULAR PRESSURE AND HEMODYNAMIC CHANGES AFTER SUCCINYLCHOLINE ADMINISTRATION AND ENDOTRACHEAL INTUBATION IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ELECTIVE NON-OPHTHALMIC SURGERIES UNDER GENERAL ANAESTHESIA
Dr.Gaurav Sharma,Dr Usha Bafna ,Dr Yogendra singh Gurjar,Dr Tuhin Mistry, Dr.Rama Chattarjee, Dr.Sunita Meena
ABSTRACT:
Background: Succinylecholine during anaesthesia can cause transient increase in intraocular pressure (IOP). We have assessed and compared the effect of clonidine and dexmedetomidine as IV premedication in attenuating rise in IOP following laryngoscopy and tracheal intubation following administration of succinylcholine. Methods: Prospective, double blind, observational study was conducted in 111 patients undergoing elective non-ophthalmic surgery under general anesthesia. Patients were randomly allocated into three groups to receive normal saline (Group I), 2 µg/kg clonidine (Group II) and 0.5 µg/kg dexmedetomidine (Group III) as premedication IV over a period of 10 min before induction. Post induction, Laryngoscopy and intubation were performed after succinylcholine 2 mg/kg IV. IOP, heart rate and mean arterial pressure were recorded. Results: Mean baseline IOP of all 3 groups were comparable (13.3 ± 1.2, 13.8 ± 1.2 and 13.7 ± 1.1). The abrupt rise in IOP after succinylcholine and intubation were blunted in both Group II and III, as there was less increase in IOP from baseline as compared with the Group I and this difference was statistically significant (p<0.05). In both Group II and Group III, IOP returns to baseline at just 3 min. after intubation and remains below baseline value at 6 and 9 min. after intubation while in Group I it returns to baseline only at 9 min. after intubation. Conclusion: Single IV dose of dexmedetomidine as premedication blunted the abrupt increase in IOP following succinylcholine administration and tracheal intubation more effectively than clonidine.
Key-words: Premedication, clonidine, dexmedetomidine, intraocular pressure, succinylcholine, laryngoscopy, intubation.
PDF FULL TEXT
____________________________________________________________________________
PRE AND POST-PRANDIAL CHANGES IN BP IN OBESE AND NON OBESE POPULATION: A COMPARATIVE STUDY AT A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL
Dr.Rashmi Modwal,Dr.Kishore Moolrajani
ABSTRACT:
Background: A higher or lower sympathetic tone having higher or lower catecholamine levels along with varied abnormalities in autonomic nervous system associated with obesity which finally leads to change in the function of heart such as arrhythmia along with involvement of other systems, ultimately lead to sudden death. This study planned to find pre and post-prandial changes in BP in obese and non obese persons in the age group of 15 to 45 years. Materials and Methods: 40 obese and 40 non obese patients admitted to our hospital over a period of two months were included in the study. Random selection of patients was made from Department of Medicine, JNU Medical College and Hospital, Jaipur. Both systolic and diastolic blood pressure was measured in supine position of the right arm using sphygmomanometer 30 minutes before and 30 minutes after meals. Then fall in BP was recorded. BMI of patients was measured to identify grade of obesity. Results: Mean systolic (pre-prandial 126.28, post-prandial 117.9) and diastolic blood pressure (pre-prandial 79.2 and post-prandial 74.6) was found, which was higher in obese than non obese patients. This study was statistically significant (p value <0.05).Conclusion: Fall in BP was significantly higher in obese (14 patients out of 50) as compared to non obese (3 patients out of 40) patients. Reduced cardiac sympathetic tone leads to post-prandial hypotension were significantly associated in obese patients.
Key Words: Systolic BP, Diastolic BP, Post-prandial, Obese, Non-obese.
PDF FULL TEXT
____________________________________________________________ ________________
KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDE & PERCEPTION OF PATIENTS VISITING A DENTAL INSTITUTIONAL HOSPITAL FOR ROUTINE MANUAL VS ULTRASONIC SCALING AND POLISHING TREATMENT.
Dr.Shilpa Saini, Dr. Devaraj.C.G, Dr. Pranati Eswar, Dr. Ashish Yadav.
ABSTRACT:
Objective:To evaluate the clinical efficacy and compare the attitudes of patients towards the benefits and cost of routine scaling and polishing and to compare the experience of using manual versus ultrasonic instruments to scale teeth. Methods: Participants were healthy adults with no significant periodontal diseases randomly allocated to two groups to receive scaling and polishing.50 patients participated in this study. Patients were randomly allocated to either group. Patients' attitudes towards, and experience of, the scaling and polishing were elicited by means of self-administered questionnaires. Result: The majority of patients (99%) believed a scaling and polishing was beneficial. Patients considered ultrasonic treatment to be appropriate on significantly more occasions than they did for manual scaling and polishing (P < 0.001). Patient discomfort: with ultrasonic scaling 69.2% felt 'a little uncomfortable' or worse compared with 60% of those undergoing manual treatment (P = 0.072). Conclusion: Routine scaling and polishing is considered beneficial by patients. The majority of patients, regardless of treatment method, experience some degree of discomfort when undergoing a scaling and polishing procedure.
Key Words: ultrasonic scaling, hand scaling, benefit of scaling.
.
PDF FULL TEXT
_______________________________________________________________________________
A RETROSPECTIVE ANALYSIS OF ABNORMAL CERVICAL CYTOLOGY DETECTED BY PAP SMEAR
Sumit Prakash Rathore, Manish Kumar , Rana K. Sherwani.
ABSTRACT:
Objective: Pap smear test for screening programs as prevention and early diagnosis are major factors in reducing morbidity and mortality resulting from cervical neoplasia. This study is planned to analyse pap smear retrospectively which were stained at tertiary care teaching hospital. Materials & Methods: The present retrospective study was conducted in the department of Pathology after taking approval from institutional ethics committee. All the smears from 2007 to 2011 which were collected by the department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology and were stained by using Papanicolaou stain were studied. Cytohistopathologic correlation was done wherever available. Age, religion and presenting complaints were recorded with each smear studied from the patient record sheets.Results: A total of 1000 cases were retrospectively analyzed. The highest numbers of cases were found in the 4th decade i.e. 336 cases (33.6%). Mean age of the patients was 39.13 ± 4.63 years. 583 patients (58.3%) were Muslims while non-Muslim constituted 417 cases (41.7%). The most common presenting complaint was discharge per vaginum seen in 648 patients (64.8%). Inflammation was the most common finding seen in 878 smears (87.8%). Out of these 878 smears, 765 smears (76.5%) had nonspecific, 87 smears (8.7%) had atrophy and 26 smears (2.6%) had organism specified inflammatory smears. Mild, moderate and severe dysplasia were seen in 125 smears (12.5%), 36 smears (3.6%) and 25 (2.5%) smears respectively. Carcinoma in situ was seen in only one smear (0.1%).Conclusion: Though there are certain limitations of this test, it is the most effective, valuable, practical, easily administered and cost effective screening method for abnormal cervical cytology.
Key words: Pap smear, cervical cancer, dysplasia, screening method.
PDF FULL TEXT
_______________________________________________________________________________
BLOOD STREAM INFECTIONS CAUSED BY ESBL AND AMPC PRODUCING GRAM NEGATIVE BACILLI IN A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL
Gaurav Dalela,Vaseem Naheed Baig, Jitendra Ahuja, Nilofar Khayyam4 Arvind Sharma
ABSTRACT:
Objective: Knowledge of the spectrum of micro-organisms involved in bloodstream infections is needed to guide the selection of empirical antibiotics and their drug resistant mechanism. To find out the susceptibility patterns, prevalence of ESBL and AmpC β-lactamase producing gram-negative bacilli isolated from Blood samples obtained from IPD, OPD and ICU’s of SMS and allied hospitals, Jaipur. Material And Methods: Total 872 Blood culture samples were received from different wards, intensive care units and outpatient departments of SMS Hospital, J.K.Lon Hospital, Mahila Chikitsalaya, Zanana Hospital and Mental hospital in the Department of Microbiology, SMS Medical College, Jaipur from May 2007 to December 2007. These strains (total no. 63) were tested for Antibiotic susceptibility testing, ESBL production and AmpC production as per CLSI guidelines. Result: The maximum isolated strains were Klebsiella pneumoniae, followed by Enterobacter spp., Escherichia coli, Acinetobacter spp etc. Most sensitive antibiotic was meropenam followed by cefoperazone + sulbactum and piperacillin + tazobactum. Most resistant antibiotic was ceftriaxone. The overall production of ESBL was 82.5% (M/C in Escherichia coli) and of AmpC β lactamase was 26.9% (M/C in Enterobacter spp.).Conclusion:As newer bacterial pathogens are originating with different mechanism of action on drugs, therefore training must be done to prevent spread of resistance mechanism. If laboratories continue to lag behind in detecting pathogens with the help of advanced techniques, new pathogens will spread resulting in increasing problems and increase cost for patients and institutions. To prevent the emergence of ESBL and AmpC producing strains a strategy is to be formed for effective control and treatment.
Keywords: Blood stream infection, ESBl, AmpC, antibiotic resistance.
PDF FULL TEXT
_______________________________________________________________________________
STUDY OF HISTOMORPHOLOGICAL SPECTRUM OF ENDOMETRIUM IN PATIENTS PRESENTING WITH ABNORMAL UTERINE BLEEDING
Diwan R, Mathur M
ABSTRACT:
Background: abnormal uterine bleeding is a very common complaint in gynecology OPD in all age groups. Histomorphological diagnosis is essential for workup of abnormal uterine bleeding. Dysfunction uterine bleeding is a clinical term used to describe bleeding not attributable to organic cause. Aim-To study histomorphological spectrum of endometrial samples from patients of abnormal uterine bleeding. Material & methods: A total of 279 endometrial samples of AUB were studied over the period of 4 years. Samples were received in 10% formalin and processed. Sections were stained by H & E stain. Patients were catogorised into reproductive (<40years), perimenopausal (40-50years) and post menopausal (>50years) age groups. Histopathological diagnosis was made and further categorization was done for all the cases. Results: A total of 279 cases were evaluated. Out of which maximum 166 cases belongs to perimenopausal group(40-50years).Predominant finding overall was proliferative endometrium 47.3%.In reproductive age group proliferative endometrium is most common cause. In perimenopausal age group apart from proliferating and secretory patterns, simple hyperplasia without atypia was also an important cause for DUB. In postmenopausal age group (>50 years) Atrophy and malignancy apart from Proliferating endometrium were the predominant causes. Conclusion: The histopathological diagnosis shows various findings which may vary with the age ranging from normal proliferating endometrium to malignancy. So histopathological examination is mandatory in abnormal uterine bleeding, as specific diagnosis can help the physician to successfully manage the patients.
Key words: Dysfunctional uterine bleeding, abnormal uterine bleeding, proliferative phase.
PDF FULL TEXT
_______________________________________________________________________________
PAIN AND GAIN OF BCG MAINTENANCE THERAPY IN NMIBC (NON-MUSCLE-INVASIVE BLADDER CANCER)
Dr. Nisar Ahmed, Dr. Shubham Lavania, Dr. Lokesh Sharma, Dr. Ayush Khetarpal
ABSTRACT:
Background: To study the benefits of maintenance dose Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) and their adverse in the treatment of non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC).Method: From August 2012 to September 2015, 59 patients with NMIBC (T1, Ta, Cis transitional cell carcinoma) were treated with complete transurethral resection followed by BCG induction and maintenance. We employed 120 mg (full dose) during induction phase was conducted once a month for six consecutive months and maintenance phase with 120 mg instillation at 3, 6 and 12 months with follow up of 1year or more. Result: Recurrence free rate was seen in 80.7% (46 patients). No disease progression noted. Local adverse effects were seen in 49 patients (83.05%). These were cystitis grade 1 in 66.10%, cystitis grade 2 in 20.33%, pyuria in 33.89%, gross hematuria in 23.56% and fever with malaise in 15.20%. Dose reduction was needed in 22.81% of patients. No systemic adverse effect seen requiring discontinuation of drug administration. Conclusion: Maintenance BCG therapy decrease recurrence and progression of the disease but to the cost of adverse effects. The optimum dose of BCG needs further study.
Keywords: BCG instillation, maintenance therapy, adverse effects, recurrence free rate, non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC).
PDF FULL TEXT
_________________________________________________________________________________
DRY EYE DISEASE IN PATIENTS WITH DIABETES MELLITUS TYPE II
Virendra Singh Lodha
ABSTRACT:
Background: Dry eye disease and Diabetes mellitus are two major public health problems which are increasing in incidence.This study is planned to determine the prevalence of dry eye disease in type 2 diabetic patients. Method: The present study was conducted on total of 60 persons between the age group of 40 – 60 years visiting the Ophthalmology Department of the Pacific Medical College and Hospital, Udaipur, out of which 30 persons were non-diabetic and 30 persons were suffering from Diabetes Mellitus type II. After performing a routine ophthalmic examination of measuring visual acuity, refraction and slit lamp examination, Schirmer test 1 (without anaesthesia) was performed. Result: In the age group of 40 – 50 years 9 diabetics (30%) were Schirmer test positive as compared with 4 subjects (13.3%) from the control group. In the age group of 51 – 60 years 13 diabetics (43.3%) were Schirmer positive as compared to 7 (23.3%) in the control group. The incidence of Schirmer positive test indicating presence of dry eye disease was observed to be high in diabetics (36.6%) as compared to the incidence in the control group (18.3%) with a higher incidence in the age group of 51 – 60 years in both the groups.Conclusion: It can be concluded that the incidence of dry eye disease is higher in diabetics and need to be diagnosed and treated early by health care providers.
Keywords: computers and mobile phones, environmental pollution, Schirmer test strip.
PDF FULL TEXT
___________________________________________________________________________________
A HISTOLOGICAL STUDY ON THE EFFECT OF DICLOFENAC SODIUM (DECLOPHEN) AND DICLOFENAC POTESSIUM ADMINISTRATION ON SPERMATOGENESIS CELLS OF ALBINO RATS
Dr.Ram Singh Verma
ABSTRACT:
Background: To aim of the study is to find effect of Diclofenac sodium and diclofenac potessium administration on spermatogenesis cells of albino rats by studying the histological changes in the testis of rats. Material & Methods: It was an animal model experimental study conducted in department of pharmacology ,G S V M Medical College, and Kanpur, for this work 90 male albino- rats were taken and divided into two groups (A,B,C )containing, 30 rats each. The rats of group A served as a control group; and group B served as a Diclofenac sodium and Group C Diclofenac K .Five rats of each group will be sacrificed on day 15, 30 45 60,75 and 90 respectively under ether anesthesia for observation of testis and epididymis. Results : Treatment with Diclofenac sodium and potessium did not significantly affect body weight, and testis weights, but there were significant differences in spermatogenesisand well correlated with duration of drug administartion. Conclusion : Diclofenac potassium administration in albino rats also causes suppression of spermatogenesis. This suppression of spermatogenesis is directly proportional to the duration of drug administration and is reversible in nature, Suppression of spermatogenesis is more marked than diclofenac sodium group .
Keywords: Cox 2 Inhibitors, Spermatotoxic, Spermatids, NSAIDS.
PDF FULL TEXT
______________________________________________________________________________________________
COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY VERSUS MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING FOR DIAGNOSING OF ORAL CAVITY SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA
Dr Kapil Vyas, Dr Dwarka Prashad Agrawal
ABSTRACT:
Background: The sixth most common malignancy in the world is oral cancer. In India cancer of oral cavity is third most common cancer among both sexes out of them the most common variant is squamous cell carcinoma. In present scenario noninvasive staging techniques are being used frequently including clinical examination, CT scan and MRI. For staging the lymph nodes via CT and MRI Criteria used is based upon the size of the lymph nodes, the existence of central necrosis and presence of indistinct nodal margins. Material & Methods: A total of 100 patients were prospectively recruited into this study. Inclusion criteria comprised a clinical diagnosis of SCC in the oral cavity, no prior treatment to the head or neck region, and patients were scheduled for dissection. In these patients, the preoperative evaluation was accomplished using CT scan and MRI for all patients within 2 week before surgery. Results: Out of 100 patients the mandibular involvement present in 80 patients while no bone involvement was present in 20 patients. The accuracy of MR was 94% and that of CT was 84%. McNemar test didn’t show any significant difference in the diagnostic accuracy for the T- stage evaluation between the two modalities (p value = 0.570).Conclusion: We concluded from the present study that MRI comes out to be most accurate, most sensitive and most specific technique for the evaluation of oral squamous cell malignancies.
Key words: Squamous Cell Carcinoma, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Multi-detector row computed tomography.
PDF FULL TEXT
______________________________________________________________________________________________
ASSESSMENT OF THE SURGICAL OUTCOME AND COMPLICATIONS AMONG PATIENTS OF ILEAL PERFORATION
Dr Rajesh Gouri
ABSTRACT:
Background: Gastrointestinal tract perforation leads to the contamination of peritoneal cavity with intestinal contents. Some studies also reported that ileal perforation are accounts for near about 20% of total abdominal surgical emergencies. The most prevalent causes reported are tuberculosis and enteric fever. Material & Methods: The present observational study was conducted at department of general surgery of our tertiary care hospital. The study duration was of one years from June 2017 to May 2018. A sample size of 60 was calculated at 95% confidence interval at 5% of maximum allowable error. Patients who were operated for perforation and peritonitis were enrolled by simple random sampling. Results: Among all patients wound infection was the most common complication (20%). Among study participants who undergone loop ileostomy peristomal skin excoriation was the most common complication present in 9 patients (30%) which was followed by weight loss among 4 patients (13.3%) and retraction was present in 3 (10%) and fluid and electrolyte imbalance reported in 3 patients (10%) and prolapse was reported in only 1 patient (3.3%). Complications in relation to relation to loop Ileostomy closure reported in 5 patients (15%), wound infection was present in 4 patients (13.3%), anastomotic leak was present in 1 patient (3.3%), intraabdominal collections reported in 2 patients (6.6%), wound dehiscence was present in 1 patient (3.3%), and reoperations done in 1 patient (3.3%). The difference of complications between among two groups was statistically significant (𝑃 value < 0.05). Conclusion: We concluded from the present study that among all patients wound infection was the most common complication. Among study participants who undergone loop ileostomy peristomal skin excoriation was the most common complication which was followed by weight loss, retraction, fluid and electrolyte imbalance and prolapse.
Keywords: ileal perforation. primary closure, loop ileostomy.
PDF FULL TEXT
_____________________________________________________________________________________________
PROPHYLACTIC USE OF IV ATROPINE FOR PREVENTION OF SPINAL ANESTHESIA INDUCED HYPOTENSION AND BRADYCARDIA IN ELDERLY; A RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL
Dr Naitik Patel
ABSTRACT:
Background: Hypotension is common complication of spinal anesthesia (SA) and occurs due to decrease in systemic vascular resistance (SVR) and/or cardiac output (CO). Spinal anesthesia induced hypotension causes activation of the inhibited reflexes of tachycardia and along with atropine helps in prevention of hypotension in elderly. Methodology: In this randomized, double-blind, controlled study sixty elder patients planed for inguinal surgeries were included to receive either IV normal saline as placebo or IV atropine 0.6 mg one minute after induction of spinal anesthesia. Heart rate (HR), mean arterial pressure (MAP), were studied intra/postoperatively for 6 hours. Results: The patients were comparable against demographic profile, baseline hemodynamic parameters and duration of surgery. When compared to baseline, MAP and mean HR significantly decreased in placebo group in the study (p<0.05). Comparing intra group, HR and MAP were also significantly decreased in placebo group. The incidence of hypotension was high in placebo (60%) as compared to atropine group (6.667%). Conclusion: Intravenous infusion of atropine 0.6 mg in elderly patients, one min after induction of spinal anesthesia is safe and effective in the prevention of spinal anesthesia induced hypotension and bradycardia.
Key Words: Spinal anesthesia, Atropine, Hypotension, means arterial pressure.
PDF FULL TEXT
_____________________________________________________________________________________________
INTRA-ARTICULAR METHYL PREDNISOLONE INJECTIONS FOR PAIN RELIEF IN OSTEOARTHRITIS OF KNEE
Dr. Sanjiv Bansal, Dr. Sanjay Kumar Singhal
ABSTRACT:
Background: Intra-articular injections are normal not usual treatment utilized in patients impervious to oral analgesics and physiotherapy even in extreme cases who are not willing for medical procedure. Intra-articular steroid injections are utilized generally for the treatment of osteoarthritis non-operatively. Material & Methods: The present prospective study was conducted at our tertiary care hospital. In present study, we had 50 osteoarthritis of knee, who were presented with signs and symptoms of osteoarthritis of knee. Results: In the present study, At the underlying stage before injection all the patients had a mean KSS of 71 with a scope of 54 to 82. At 3 months post injection their KSS were 72. This demonstrated there was no improvement in KSS pre and post steroid injection. The p esteem was seen as >0.05 which was measurably not noteworthy. At the underlying stage before injection all the patients had a mean VAS of 7.3 with a scope of 5 to 9. At 3 months post injection their VAS was 4.1. This demonstrated their VAS score improved extensively pre and post steroid injection. The p esteem was seen as <0.05 which was factually significant. Conclusion: We concluded from the present study that Intra-articular steroid injection for osteoarthritis of knee produces noteworthy relief from discomfort for most patients even in serious cases yet this doesn't mean better utilitarian results.
Key words: Osteoarthritis, Methylprednisolone, Knee society score, Visual analog score
PDF FULL TEXT
______________________________________________________________________________________________
ASSESSMENT OF ROLE OF BLOOD GROUP IN DENGUE PATIENTS
Dr. Indu Saxena, Dr. Sumeet Gupta
ABSTRACT:
Background: All the markers used for diagnosis of dengue and predictor of its severity includes certain laboratory tests age, viral strain, nutritional status, secondary infections, HLA, and ABO blood group. Various studies reported that individuals with different ABO blood groups showed different susceptibility to dengue viral disease. However, few studies have reported the higher prevalence and severity of Dengue among certain blood groups. Material & Methods: The present cross-sectional study was conducted at the department of pathology of our tertiary care hospital. The study duration was of six months from January 2015 to June 2015. Patients who had dengue IgM antibody positive were enrolled for the present study by simple random sampling. Clearance from Institutional Ethics Committee was taken before the start of the study. Results: Based on blood grouping maximum numbers of subjects (40%) were of O blood group, 28% were of A blood group, 27% were of B blood group and 5% were of AB blood group. Among all the blood groups lymphocytosis was predominantly seen (58%) and among all the blood groups it was predominantly reported among O blood group (26%). Among all the blood groups atypical lymphocyte (10-20 %) <20% was predominantly seen (70%) and among all the blood groups it was predominantly reported among O blood group (28%). Among all the blood groups platelet count ≤0.5 lakhs / cu mm was predominantly seen (59%) and among all the blood groups it was predominantly reported among O blood group (23%). These differences were statistically significant (p-value < 0.05). Conclusion: present study concludes that blood groups O and B can be considered as a prognostic marker in dengue case severity.
Keywords: Dengue fever, ABO blood groups, lymphocytosis.
PDF FULL TEXT
____________________________________________________________________________
EVALUATION OF ASSOCIATION OF SMOKING WITH OBSTRUCTIVE AIRWAY DISEASE
MhaisekarDG, Mahindrakar MM, Kapse VR
ABSTRACT:
Background: Background: The most commonly seen obstructive airway diseases are COPD, Asthma, Bronchitis, Bronchiolitis, and Bronchiectasis. Obstructive Airway Disease also imposes an economic burden and increases the out-of-pocket expenditure of the patient and the country. However, the majority of cases were remained undiagnosed despite their high prevalence. A report stated that about 60% of cases of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease remained undiagnosed. Material & Methods: The present prospective study was conducted at the department of respiratory medicine of our tertiary care hospital. The study duration was of one year from January 2014 to December 2014. A sample size of 100 was calculated at a 95% confidence interval at a 5% acceptable margin. Patients were enrolled from outdoor and from the ward by simple random sampling. Clearance from Institutional Ethics Committee was taken before the start of the study. Written informed consent was taken from each study participant. Results: In the present study, on the assessment of obstructive airway disease on the basis of smoking pattern it was found that patients who were current smokers had maximum airflow obstruction (11%), out of the 8 patients had mild obstruction, 3 had moderate obstruction, 1 had a severe obstruction and 1 had a very severe obstruction. 1% of patients who never had a smoking habit had mild obstructive airway disease. 2% of Patients who were ex-smokers had obstructive airway disease, out of them 1 patient had a mild obstruction and 1 had a moderate obstruction. This difference was statistically significant (P value<0.05). Conclusion: We concluded from the present study that Patients who were current smokers had maximum airflow obstruction compared to patients who never had smoking habits and patients who were ex-smokers.
Keywords: Obstructive Airway Disease, Smoking, Spirometry.
PDF FULL TEXT
