International Journal of Medical Sciences and Education (IJMSE)
Vol. 2; Issue: 3 (July-Sepember 2015) , Date of Publication: 01.10.2015
CADAVER SPEAKS
Dr Sachin Palve, Dr Rajkumar Patil, Dr Abhijit Boratne
ABSTRACT:
A cadaver is an essential part of medical education. Cadaver is not tool or equipment; He was a living human being, who gives us an opportunity to learn. We should respect him and be grateful. He is first and silent teacher of a medical student. We tried to give honest tribute to cadaver.
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AN AUDIT OF APPROPRIATE USE OF BLOOD COMPONENTS IN TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL
Sharma Richa , Jain Chetna
ABSTRACT:
Objective: Blood is a precious health resource. The decision for blood transfusion is important as there are significant associated complications. This study designed to determine the rate of appropriate use of blood and blood component transfusions in various departments. Material & Method- This retrospective study was done in tertiary care hospital in Jhalawar in eastern Rajasthan of northern India. Result: Out of total 902 episodes of blood & blood component transfusions, 565 (62.63%) episodes were appropriate and 337 (37.37%) episodes were inappropriate. Among these fresh frozen plasma transfusion had highest inappropriate [ (8/18) 44.45%] episodes followed by packed red cell transfusions[292/734(39.79%) and platelet transfusion [26/94,27.65%] and whole blood [11/56, 19.65%] conclusion : transfusion audit is very important to access the blood utilization pattern in any hospital and judicious implementation of guidelines for the use of various blood components may help decrease their inappropriate use.
Keywords: Audit, Guidelines, Blood components, Transfusion.
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CORRELATION OF C-REACTIVE PROTEIN WITH ARTERIAL HYPERTENSION IN PATIENTS OF UDAIPUR DISTRICT
B.L.Somani ,A.P.Gupta
ABSTRACT:
Background: Higher levels of C-reactive protein (CRP), an inflammatory marker, measured easily in laboratory, for which clinical cut off value is recommended, prospectively associated with an increased risk of atherosclerosis so associated with arterial hypertension (AH) and coronary artery disease (CAD). Present study was conducted to examine whether CRP act as a marker or mediator for low grade systemic inflammation in vascular system, was associated with arterial hypertension. Material and Methods: One hundred fifty cases of AH attending Pacific medical college and hospital, Udaipur were included in the study and their various investigations were carried out to exclude the other co-morbid diseases in all cases. No follow- up CRP levels was observed. Results: We found about 42.67 % (64/150) cases of AH were having elevated CRP levels. In CRP positive group 79.69% (51) were male and 20.31% (13) were female indicating male preponderance. Conclusions: CRP levels are associated with future development of AH and CAD, due to inflammatory conditions related to atherosclerosis concluded in our study.
KEYWORDS: CRP, arterial hypertension, atherosclerosis, inflammation, rennin angiotensin system (RAS).
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The Placental Changes in Hypertensive Disorder of Pregnancy and Compare with Normal Pregnancy
Dr.Lokesh Singhal, Dr.Saurabh Bhargawa, Dr.Arihant Tater, Dr. Monika Jain, Dr. Ashmita Jawa, Dr. Veena Acharya
ABSTRACT:
Objective: The aim of the study is to study the spectrum of placental changes in Hypertensive disorder of pregnancy and correlate with normal pregnancy. Material & Methods: It was an observational study conducted in department of Obs & Gynae in Mahatma Gandhi Medical college, Jaipur Rajasthan on 50 placenta out of which 25 belong to hypertensive disorder of pregnancy (Blood pressure >150/90), and 25 placenta belong to control group (uncomplicated pregnancy). Results : In hypertensive disorder of pregnancy mean placental weight and volume was found to be much lower then the control group. Statically significant difference was found among the group according to weight of placenta with p value 0.027 and volume of placenta with p value 0.032.. Macroscopic features like calcification, infarct, retro placental hematoma was found much more then the control group, moreover these are more common in severe form of hypertensive then the milder form of hypertensive disorder of pregnancy. No Statically significant difference was found among the group according to shape of placenta with p value 0.88. Incidence of low birth weight and still birth was also more in hypertensive disorder patient then in control group. Conclusion : Placental changes are more common in hypertensive disorder of pregnancy then in control and it is associated adverse fetal outcome i.e. low birth weight and still birth.
Keywords: Placental Changes, Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, Normal pregnancy.
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A COMPARISON OF ADVERSE DRUG EVENTS PROFILE OF TWO ART REGIMENS CONSISTING ZIDOVUDINE PLUS LAMIVUDINE VERSUS STAVUDINE PLUS LAMIVUDINE IN COMBINATION WITH NEVIRAPINE IN ADULT HIV/AIDS PATIENTS IN A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL
Rakesh K Karnani , Manoj K Saurabh , Sapna Kamdar
ABSTRACT:
Objective: The Antiretroviral Therapy (ART) forms the mainstay of treatment regimen against HIV/AIDS in both developed and developing countries. Unfortunately, nearly 25% of these patients discontinue their initial ART regimen because of adverse events or toxic effects of therapy. Adverse drug events caused by Anti-Retroviral Therapy (ART) varies from patient to patient and from country to country. Material and Methods: This prospective observational cohort study was carried out to compare the adverse drug events (ADEs) caused by fixed dose combination (FDC) containing Zidovudine-Lamivudine-Nevirapine (regimen-I) or Stavudine-Lamivudine-Nevirapine (regimen-II). The adult HIV/AIDS patients, who underwent treatment with either regimen-I or regimen-II during the study period and met inclusion criteria, were included in the study. Result: The total number of patients who experienced at least one ADE was ‘93’; out of this ‘59’ patients were on regimen-I and ‘34’ patients were on regimen-II. The most common ADR observed with regimen-I was anemia (40.68%) and with regimen-II was peripheral neuropathy (41.18%). Conclusion: Adverse drug events were more commonly reported with regimen-I as compare with regimen-II but ADEs observed with regimen-II were more severe and affect patient`s willingness to adhere with this regimen. However, there were no statistically significant difference (χ2 value 0.3145 and p value >0.05) was seen in pattern of adverse drug events with above two regimens.
Key Words: Anti-Retroviral Therapy, Adverse Drug Events, Zidovudine-Lamivudine-Nevirapine, Stavudine-Lamivudine-Nevirapine.
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EFFECT OF NIMESULIDE ON SPERMATOGENESIS IN ALBINO RATS — A HISTOLOGICAL STUDY
Dr.Ram Singh Verma
ABSTRACT:
Objective: The aim of the study is to find effect of nimesulide on sperrnogenesis by studying the histological changes in the testis of rats. Material & Methods: It was an animal model experimental study conducted in department of pharmacology ,G S V M Medical College, and Kanpur, for this work 60 male albino- rats were taken and divided into two groups (A,B )containing, 30 rats each. The rats of group A served as a control group; and group B served as a Nimesulide group. Five rats of each group will be sacrificed on day 15, 30 45 60,75 and 90 respectively under ether anesthesia for observation of testis and epididymis. Results : Treatment with nimesulide did not significantly affect body weight, and testis weights, but there were significant differences in testicular architecture and degenerative changes. Conclusion : Nimesulide administration causes suppression of spermatogenesis. Prolonged administration of nimesulide leads to necrosis of germinal epithelium and infiltration with lymphocytes and fibrosis at places Thus prolonged administration of nimesulide causes irreversible damage to germinal epithelium of testis.
Keywords: Cox 2 Inhibitors, Spermatotoxic,NSAIDS.
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ESTIMATION OF BURDEN OF CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE AND ITS CLINICAL PROFILE ALONG WITH RISK FACTORS AMONG NON-SMOKERS IN URBAN AREA
Mahindrakar MM, Suryavanshi AD, Kapse VR
ABSTRACT:
Background: The incidence of COPD has been accounted for approximately 3.5% in India. The incidence of COPD is reported more in males (5%) as compared to females (3.2%). COPD likewise contributes essentially to the disability-adjusted life years loss (DALY) in patients. COPD additionally puts a great deal of additional weight on the pockets of the patients along with additional out-of-pocket expenditure. Material & Methods: The present prospective study was conducted at the department of respiratory medicine of our tertiary care hospital. In the present study, we enrolled 100 study participants from outdoor and from the ward by simple random sampling, who were presented with signs and symptoms of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Clearance from Institutional Ethics Committee was taken before the start of the study. Written informed consent was taken from each study participant. Results: In the present study, Systemic examination finding of total study participants was recorded. Based on the Systemic examination finding, the most common finding was rhonchi among 95% of patients which was followed by hyper resonance among 33% of patients followed by obliterated liver dullness (29%), obliterated cardiac dullness, and crepitation among 28% of patients respectively. 27% of patients had loud p2 sound which was followed by reduced chest movements (25%), and Reduced Crico-sternal distance among 23% of patients respectively. 19% of patients had barrel chest which was followed by the finding of accessory muscles among 13% of patients. Reduced air entry was seen in 9% of patients and 5% of patients had Intercostal chest retractions. Conclusion: We concluded from the present study that Dyspnea, Rhonchi, and cough are the commonest symptoms of COPD. Basic hazard factors for non-smoker COPD are Indoor Air Pollution, Cotton Mill laborers, and low socioeconomic class.
Keywords: COPD, clinical profile, risk factors.
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Dr Sachin Palve, Dr Rajkumar Patil, Dr Abhijit Boratne
ABSTRACT:
A cadaver is an essential part of medical education. Cadaver is not tool or equipment; He was a living human being, who gives us an opportunity to learn. We should respect him and be grateful. He is first and silent teacher of a medical student. We tried to give honest tribute to cadaver.
PDF FULL TEXT
_______________________________________________________________________________________
AN AUDIT OF APPROPRIATE USE OF BLOOD COMPONENTS IN TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL
Sharma Richa , Jain Chetna
ABSTRACT:
Objective: Blood is a precious health resource. The decision for blood transfusion is important as there are significant associated complications. This study designed to determine the rate of appropriate use of blood and blood component transfusions in various departments. Material & Method- This retrospective study was done in tertiary care hospital in Jhalawar in eastern Rajasthan of northern India. Result: Out of total 902 episodes of blood & blood component transfusions, 565 (62.63%) episodes were appropriate and 337 (37.37%) episodes were inappropriate. Among these fresh frozen plasma transfusion had highest inappropriate [ (8/18) 44.45%] episodes followed by packed red cell transfusions[292/734(39.79%) and platelet transfusion [26/94,27.65%] and whole blood [11/56, 19.65%] conclusion : transfusion audit is very important to access the blood utilization pattern in any hospital and judicious implementation of guidelines for the use of various blood components may help decrease their inappropriate use.
Keywords: Audit, Guidelines, Blood components, Transfusion.
PDF FULL TEXT
_______________________________________________________________________________________
CORRELATION OF C-REACTIVE PROTEIN WITH ARTERIAL HYPERTENSION IN PATIENTS OF UDAIPUR DISTRICT
B.L.Somani ,A.P.Gupta
ABSTRACT:
Background: Higher levels of C-reactive protein (CRP), an inflammatory marker, measured easily in laboratory, for which clinical cut off value is recommended, prospectively associated with an increased risk of atherosclerosis so associated with arterial hypertension (AH) and coronary artery disease (CAD). Present study was conducted to examine whether CRP act as a marker or mediator for low grade systemic inflammation in vascular system, was associated with arterial hypertension. Material and Methods: One hundred fifty cases of AH attending Pacific medical college and hospital, Udaipur were included in the study and their various investigations were carried out to exclude the other co-morbid diseases in all cases. No follow- up CRP levels was observed. Results: We found about 42.67 % (64/150) cases of AH were having elevated CRP levels. In CRP positive group 79.69% (51) were male and 20.31% (13) were female indicating male preponderance. Conclusions: CRP levels are associated with future development of AH and CAD, due to inflammatory conditions related to atherosclerosis concluded in our study.
KEYWORDS: CRP, arterial hypertension, atherosclerosis, inflammation, rennin angiotensin system (RAS).
PDF FULL TEXT
_______________________________________________________________________________________
The Placental Changes in Hypertensive Disorder of Pregnancy and Compare with Normal Pregnancy
Dr.Lokesh Singhal, Dr.Saurabh Bhargawa, Dr.Arihant Tater, Dr. Monika Jain, Dr. Ashmita Jawa, Dr. Veena Acharya
ABSTRACT:
Objective: The aim of the study is to study the spectrum of placental changes in Hypertensive disorder of pregnancy and correlate with normal pregnancy. Material & Methods: It was an observational study conducted in department of Obs & Gynae in Mahatma Gandhi Medical college, Jaipur Rajasthan on 50 placenta out of which 25 belong to hypertensive disorder of pregnancy (Blood pressure >150/90), and 25 placenta belong to control group (uncomplicated pregnancy). Results : In hypertensive disorder of pregnancy mean placental weight and volume was found to be much lower then the control group. Statically significant difference was found among the group according to weight of placenta with p value 0.027 and volume of placenta with p value 0.032.. Macroscopic features like calcification, infarct, retro placental hematoma was found much more then the control group, moreover these are more common in severe form of hypertensive then the milder form of hypertensive disorder of pregnancy. No Statically significant difference was found among the group according to shape of placenta with p value 0.88. Incidence of low birth weight and still birth was also more in hypertensive disorder patient then in control group. Conclusion : Placental changes are more common in hypertensive disorder of pregnancy then in control and it is associated adverse fetal outcome i.e. low birth weight and still birth.
Keywords: Placental Changes, Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, Normal pregnancy.
PDF FULL TEXT
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A COMPARISON OF ADVERSE DRUG EVENTS PROFILE OF TWO ART REGIMENS CONSISTING ZIDOVUDINE PLUS LAMIVUDINE VERSUS STAVUDINE PLUS LAMIVUDINE IN COMBINATION WITH NEVIRAPINE IN ADULT HIV/AIDS PATIENTS IN A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL
Rakesh K Karnani , Manoj K Saurabh , Sapna Kamdar
ABSTRACT:
Objective: The Antiretroviral Therapy (ART) forms the mainstay of treatment regimen against HIV/AIDS in both developed and developing countries. Unfortunately, nearly 25% of these patients discontinue their initial ART regimen because of adverse events or toxic effects of therapy. Adverse drug events caused by Anti-Retroviral Therapy (ART) varies from patient to patient and from country to country. Material and Methods: This prospective observational cohort study was carried out to compare the adverse drug events (ADEs) caused by fixed dose combination (FDC) containing Zidovudine-Lamivudine-Nevirapine (regimen-I) or Stavudine-Lamivudine-Nevirapine (regimen-II). The adult HIV/AIDS patients, who underwent treatment with either regimen-I or regimen-II during the study period and met inclusion criteria, were included in the study. Result: The total number of patients who experienced at least one ADE was ‘93’; out of this ‘59’ patients were on regimen-I and ‘34’ patients were on regimen-II. The most common ADR observed with regimen-I was anemia (40.68%) and with regimen-II was peripheral neuropathy (41.18%). Conclusion: Adverse drug events were more commonly reported with regimen-I as compare with regimen-II but ADEs observed with regimen-II were more severe and affect patient`s willingness to adhere with this regimen. However, there were no statistically significant difference (χ2 value 0.3145 and p value >0.05) was seen in pattern of adverse drug events with above two regimens.
Key Words: Anti-Retroviral Therapy, Adverse Drug Events, Zidovudine-Lamivudine-Nevirapine, Stavudine-Lamivudine-Nevirapine.
PDF FULL TEXT
_______________________________________________________________________________________
EFFECT OF NIMESULIDE ON SPERMATOGENESIS IN ALBINO RATS — A HISTOLOGICAL STUDY
Dr.Ram Singh Verma
ABSTRACT:
Objective: The aim of the study is to find effect of nimesulide on sperrnogenesis by studying the histological changes in the testis of rats. Material & Methods: It was an animal model experimental study conducted in department of pharmacology ,G S V M Medical College, and Kanpur, for this work 60 male albino- rats were taken and divided into two groups (A,B )containing, 30 rats each. The rats of group A served as a control group; and group B served as a Nimesulide group. Five rats of each group will be sacrificed on day 15, 30 45 60,75 and 90 respectively under ether anesthesia for observation of testis and epididymis. Results : Treatment with nimesulide did not significantly affect body weight, and testis weights, but there were significant differences in testicular architecture and degenerative changes. Conclusion : Nimesulide administration causes suppression of spermatogenesis. Prolonged administration of nimesulide leads to necrosis of germinal epithelium and infiltration with lymphocytes and fibrosis at places Thus prolonged administration of nimesulide causes irreversible damage to germinal epithelium of testis.
Keywords: Cox 2 Inhibitors, Spermatotoxic,NSAIDS.
PDF FULL TEXT
_______________________________________________________________________________________
ESTIMATION OF BURDEN OF CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE AND ITS CLINICAL PROFILE ALONG WITH RISK FACTORS AMONG NON-SMOKERS IN URBAN AREA
Mahindrakar MM, Suryavanshi AD, Kapse VR
ABSTRACT:
Background: The incidence of COPD has been accounted for approximately 3.5% in India. The incidence of COPD is reported more in males (5%) as compared to females (3.2%). COPD likewise contributes essentially to the disability-adjusted life years loss (DALY) in patients. COPD additionally puts a great deal of additional weight on the pockets of the patients along with additional out-of-pocket expenditure. Material & Methods: The present prospective study was conducted at the department of respiratory medicine of our tertiary care hospital. In the present study, we enrolled 100 study participants from outdoor and from the ward by simple random sampling, who were presented with signs and symptoms of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Clearance from Institutional Ethics Committee was taken before the start of the study. Written informed consent was taken from each study participant. Results: In the present study, Systemic examination finding of total study participants was recorded. Based on the Systemic examination finding, the most common finding was rhonchi among 95% of patients which was followed by hyper resonance among 33% of patients followed by obliterated liver dullness (29%), obliterated cardiac dullness, and crepitation among 28% of patients respectively. 27% of patients had loud p2 sound which was followed by reduced chest movements (25%), and Reduced Crico-sternal distance among 23% of patients respectively. 19% of patients had barrel chest which was followed by the finding of accessory muscles among 13% of patients. Reduced air entry was seen in 9% of patients and 5% of patients had Intercostal chest retractions. Conclusion: We concluded from the present study that Dyspnea, Rhonchi, and cough are the commonest symptoms of COPD. Basic hazard factors for non-smoker COPD are Indoor Air Pollution, Cotton Mill laborers, and low socioeconomic class.
Keywords: COPD, clinical profile, risk factors.
PDF FULL TEXT
