International Journal of Medical Sciences and Education (IJMSE)
Vol. 2; Issue: 1 (Jan-March 2015) , Date of Publication: 01.04.2015
EFFECT OF YOGA ON BLOOD GLUCOSE AND GLYCOSYLATED HAEMOGLOBIN LEVEL IN DIABETES MELLITUS TYPE-2 PATIENTS.
Dr.Asha Sharma, Dr.Meenakshi Sharma, Dr.Rambabu Sharma, Dr P.D.Meena, Dr. Mukul Gupta, Dr. Mamta Meena
ABSTRACT:
Aims and objectives: This study was planned to assess and compare the effect of yogasanas on fasting blood glucose (FBG), postprandial blood glucose (PPG) and HbA1C level (Glycosylated hemoglobin) before and after intervention (Yogasans) in patients of Type 2 diabetes mellitus. Material and methods: After obtaining written consent, patients with uncomplicated type 2 Diabetes mellitus, who are on oral hypoglycaemic medicines and diet control; are in the age group of 35-55 years with disease duration 1-10 years were selected in the study. The study population divided into two group study (n=40, undergoing yoga Training) and control group (n=40, not undergoing yoga Training). Subjects were taught 13 types of yogasans in the sequence for three continuous months. Subjects were made to practice yogic exercises by yoga instructor for 40-45 minutes, 5 days in a week in the morning. Blood sample for FBG, PPG and HbA1C were estimated at day 1 and at the end of each of the three month of the study period for both group. Results : There was statistically highly significant decreased mean values of FBG from 139.2±16.6 to 99.8±15.9 mg/dl (p value < 0.001), PPG from 174.1±7.9 to 141±8.4 mg/dl (p value < 0.001) and HbA1C from 9.3 ± 1.0 to 7.1 ± 0.7% (p value < 0.001) in the study group. There were no significant changes seen in control group. Conclusions: These findings suggested that yogasans have a beneficial effect on glycaemia control in Type- 2 diabetes and decrease the dosage of oral hypoglycaemic drugs.
Keywords: Yoga, Diabetes, Glycosylated haemoglobin(HbA1C), Oral Hypoglycemic Medicines.
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CASE BASED LEARNING” AS A TEACHING LEARNING METHOD IN AN INTEGRATED “GASTROINTESTINAL SYSTEM” MODULE.
Dr. Suman Singh, Dr. Praveen Singh, Dr. Sanket Sheth
Objectives: System-wise integrated curriculum for medical students is being practiced at Pramukhswami Medical College Karamsad since 2007. Cases based learning was introduced in 2012 to enhance integration and participant’s perceptions towards this as a teaching learning method in integrated gastrointestinal system are shared in this work.Methods: Case based learning was planned and conducted in two, weekly sessions, with involvement of nine faculties from para-clinical and clinical departments. All faculties and students (n=100) were oriented to the process. A paper case and facilitator guide was developed with inputs from clinician. The students were divided in heterogeneous groups of 10-12 with one faculty as facilitator for each group. At the end of second session, students and faculty feedback was collected in an anonymous, pre-validated structured questionnaire. Results: Eight faculty & 82 students responded to feedback. All the students found case and time given for case discussion as appropriate. Responses on various aspects of feedback ranged from 86.5% (helping in exam preparation and organize studies) to 97.6% (helpful in clinical studies and practice). 91.5- 96.4% student felt that case discussions helped them integrate para clinical subjects, made them interesting, clinically relevant, and also helped to improve certain skills (analytical, communication, peer and self learning). These sessions were rated high in comparison to classroom case discussions (91.46% VS 73%) as a learning tool. Faculty also agreed to most of the above aspects.Conclusion: Thus case based learning was perceived as an effective teaching learning method in an integrated module, and is worth implementing.
Key words: Case based learning, integrated teaching, perceptions.
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ETIOLOGY AND CHARACTERISTICS OF PLEURAL FLUIDS :A STUDY OF 104 CASES OF PLEURAL EFFUSION
Dr. Rishi Kumar Sharma , Dr. Gaurav Chhabra Dr. Atul Luhadia , Dr. S.K.Luhadia
ABSTRACT:
Objective: Pleural effusion is a common clinical condition ,specially in developing countries, with different etiologies. To study clinic-radiological profile of patients of Southern Rajasthan, suffering from Pleural Effusion. Methods: Prospective study conducted on 104 patients with Pleural Effusion coming to our Tertiary Care center. All patients underwent Pleural Aspiration and Samples were sent for ADA, Biochemistry, cytology and Microbiological studies. CT Thorax with/ without FNAC/Biopsy and Bronchoscopy were done in appropriate cases. Results: Majority of Patients were Male. Cough (70.19%), Chest pain (65.38%) and Fever (53.84%) were common symptoms. Majority of Effusions were right sided (51), followed by left sided (40) and bilateral (13). Majority of Effusion were Exudate (85.57%).Tuberculosis was the leading cause of effusion (52.61%) followed by Malignancy (12.5%) and cardiac cause (7.69%). No diagnosis could be made in 11 patients. Conclusion: Tuberculosis remains the most common cause of Pleural effusion in Southern Rajasthan. Higher diagnostic modalities (e.g. Thoracoscopic Pleural Biopsy) should be used in undiagnosed cases.
Key words: Pleural Effusion, Tuberculosis, Malignancy.
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USE OF JIG SAW TECHNIQUE IN SENSITIZING MEDIAL RESIDENTS ABOUT REVISED NATIONAL TUBERCULOSIS CONTROL PROGRAMME OF INDIA
Rahul Bogam, Jayashree Gothankar, Medha Bargage
ABSTRACT:
Objective: Interactive lectures have been shown to promote deep learning which allows better understanding, retention and recall of knowledge as well as its application. Jig saw technique has long been used as a cooperative and collaborative learning strategy in all levels of education. It is one of the engagement triggers in which base groups with a small number four or five students are set up. This study is planned to assess an effect of Jig Saw Technique on the knowledge of medical residents regarding Revised National Tuberculosis Control Programme of India. Material and Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted among 40 postgraduate students where Pre and Post test was conducted on same day. An intervention in the form of Jig Saw Technique was administered. Data was entered into Office Excel Sheet and analysed by using ‘Paired t test’. Results: ‘Jig Saw Technique’ did help in improving the knowledge of study participants and difference was observed to be statistically significant. (t = 12.82, p <0.001).Conclusion: Simple interactive teaching methodology like Jig saw Technique can make significant gain in knowledge of medical residents pertaining tuberculosis and RNTCP programme of India.
Key words: Jig saw technique, medical residents, RNTCP.
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COMPARISON OF EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE ON LATENCY AND AMPLITUDE OF RIGHT AND LEFT HAND MEDIAN MOTOR AND SENSORY NERVE IN HEALTHY MALE AND FEMALE
Shailja Tiwari, Ashutosh Garg , Kiran Patel, S.P. Garg
Objective: With a lot of importance attached to electro-diagnostic test of evaluating nerve conduction velocities, the accuracy of results is of extreme importance. A small error like incorrect recording of skin temperature can result in wrong diagnosis. So, a study was planned to look for the effect of temperature on latency and amplitude of sensory and motor median nerve. Material and Methods: The present study was conducted in the Department of Physiology, Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose Medical College and Hospital, Jabalpur (M.P.). after obtaining ethical clearance, both motor and sensory components of Median nerves were examined in 60 age sex matched medical students using surface and ring electrodes. Different temperatures i.e. hot and cold were maintained with the help of water bath and skin temperature was measured by using Digital Mercury Thermometer. Results: 35 out of 60 students were males and 25 were females, aged between 17-25 years, having no signs or symptoms of neurological impairment. Our study revealed that increasing temperature from 290 C -390C showed no statistically significant change (p>0.05) in latency and amplitude of right and left median motor and sensory nerve of male and females. Conclusion: our study concluded that the latency and amplitude of median nerve conduction in male and females is independent of temperature variations.
KEYWORDS: Amplitude, Latency, Median Nerve, Temperature.
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A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF SERUM LIPID LEVEL IN PATIENTS OF BPH AND NORMAL CONTROL
Dr. Suresh Kumar ,Dr.Manisha Verma , Dr.Balveer S.Gurjar ,Dr.Vipul Garg , Dr.S.K.Vardey
ABSTRACT
Objective: Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a common melody of the aging men characterized by noncancerous enlargement of the prostate gland and possibility that abnormal lipids and lipoproteins might also be connected to the pathogenesis of BPH. This study is planned to assess the serum levels of Low density lipoprotein (LDL-C), High density lipoprotein (HDL-C), Triglycerides (TG), Total Cholesterol in patients of Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH) and to compare the above mentioned levels of lipids in Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH) patients with healthy control group. Material and methods: This was a Case-control analytic observational study conducted in Department of Biochemistry S.M.S. Medical College and Hospital, Jaipur between Oct.2011 to Sep.2012 which had 129 cases of BPH & 129 healthy controls and all participants were subjected to detailed clinical examination and investigations. Results: The maximum number of cases and controls (42.64% Vs 54.26%) were in age group of 60-69 years and Mean age for cases was 64.55 + 7.36 years while control group was 61.56+7.35 years. Results showed that hypertriglyceridemia hypercholesterolemia, high LDL value & low HDL value were present in all three grades but maximum in grade III. P-value in all three grades are <0.001, which are highly statistical significant. Conclusion: the correction of serum lipid profile concentration would have a beneficial effect on treatment, complication and progression of the diseases, so it would be recommendable to provide laboratory analysis of trace elements as a routine.
Key Words: Benign prostatic hyperplasia, LDL, HDL, Triglyceride, Cholesterol.
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EFFICACY OF C-REACTIVE PROTEIN (CRP) LEVELS IN ETIOLOGIC DIAGNOSIS OF PLEURAL EFFUSION
Dr. Mridul Bhushan , Dr. Rakesh kumar , Dr. P.Nigam
ABSTRACT
Objective: The diagnosis of tubercular pleural effusion is difficult as tubercle bacilli are rarely found from thoracocentesis and pleural lavage and other noninvasive traditional tools of diagnosis have low sensitivity and specificity. CRP levels have been found to be higher in exudates when compare to transudates. It is therefore worthwhile to study the value of C-reactive protein in diagnosis of transudative and exudative pleural effusion. Methods: Study was carried out at Government Medical College Kannouj during December 2013 to August 2014 which comprised of fifty two patients of pleural effusion. Results: In this study, 38 were male and 14 were female pleural effusion was studied in which 46.15% cases of tubercular pleural effusion were present. Pleural fluid C-reactive protein maximally raised in exudative pleural effusion i.e. 3.54 + 2.14 mg/dl and transudative pleural effusion pleural fluid C - reactive protein was 0.80 + 0.42 mg/dl. Conclusion: Tubercular pleural effusion had high CRP levels when compare to transudative and malignant pleural effusions.
Key words: TB Pleural Effusion, C-reactive protein, biochemical marker, transudative and exudative pleural effusion.
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Dr.Asha Sharma, Dr.Meenakshi Sharma, Dr.Rambabu Sharma, Dr P.D.Meena, Dr. Mukul Gupta, Dr. Mamta Meena
ABSTRACT:
Aims and objectives: This study was planned to assess and compare the effect of yogasanas on fasting blood glucose (FBG), postprandial blood glucose (PPG) and HbA1C level (Glycosylated hemoglobin) before and after intervention (Yogasans) in patients of Type 2 diabetes mellitus. Material and methods: After obtaining written consent, patients with uncomplicated type 2 Diabetes mellitus, who are on oral hypoglycaemic medicines and diet control; are in the age group of 35-55 years with disease duration 1-10 years were selected in the study. The study population divided into two group study (n=40, undergoing yoga Training) and control group (n=40, not undergoing yoga Training). Subjects were taught 13 types of yogasans in the sequence for three continuous months. Subjects were made to practice yogic exercises by yoga instructor for 40-45 minutes, 5 days in a week in the morning. Blood sample for FBG, PPG and HbA1C were estimated at day 1 and at the end of each of the three month of the study period for both group. Results : There was statistically highly significant decreased mean values of FBG from 139.2±16.6 to 99.8±15.9 mg/dl (p value < 0.001), PPG from 174.1±7.9 to 141±8.4 mg/dl (p value < 0.001) and HbA1C from 9.3 ± 1.0 to 7.1 ± 0.7% (p value < 0.001) in the study group. There were no significant changes seen in control group. Conclusions: These findings suggested that yogasans have a beneficial effect on glycaemia control in Type- 2 diabetes and decrease the dosage of oral hypoglycaemic drugs.
Keywords: Yoga, Diabetes, Glycosylated haemoglobin(HbA1C), Oral Hypoglycemic Medicines.
PDF FULL TEXT
______________________________________________________________________________________________
CASE BASED LEARNING” AS A TEACHING LEARNING METHOD IN AN INTEGRATED “GASTROINTESTINAL SYSTEM” MODULE.
Dr. Suman Singh, Dr. Praveen Singh, Dr. Sanket Sheth
Objectives: System-wise integrated curriculum for medical students is being practiced at Pramukhswami Medical College Karamsad since 2007. Cases based learning was introduced in 2012 to enhance integration and participant’s perceptions towards this as a teaching learning method in integrated gastrointestinal system are shared in this work.Methods: Case based learning was planned and conducted in two, weekly sessions, with involvement of nine faculties from para-clinical and clinical departments. All faculties and students (n=100) were oriented to the process. A paper case and facilitator guide was developed with inputs from clinician. The students were divided in heterogeneous groups of 10-12 with one faculty as facilitator for each group. At the end of second session, students and faculty feedback was collected in an anonymous, pre-validated structured questionnaire. Results: Eight faculty & 82 students responded to feedback. All the students found case and time given for case discussion as appropriate. Responses on various aspects of feedback ranged from 86.5% (helping in exam preparation and organize studies) to 97.6% (helpful in clinical studies and practice). 91.5- 96.4% student felt that case discussions helped them integrate para clinical subjects, made them interesting, clinically relevant, and also helped to improve certain skills (analytical, communication, peer and self learning). These sessions were rated high in comparison to classroom case discussions (91.46% VS 73%) as a learning tool. Faculty also agreed to most of the above aspects.Conclusion: Thus case based learning was perceived as an effective teaching learning method in an integrated module, and is worth implementing.
Key words: Case based learning, integrated teaching, perceptions.
PDF FULL TEXT
______________________________________________________________________________________________
ETIOLOGY AND CHARACTERISTICS OF PLEURAL FLUIDS :A STUDY OF 104 CASES OF PLEURAL EFFUSION
Dr. Rishi Kumar Sharma , Dr. Gaurav Chhabra Dr. Atul Luhadia , Dr. S.K.Luhadia
ABSTRACT:
Objective: Pleural effusion is a common clinical condition ,specially in developing countries, with different etiologies. To study clinic-radiological profile of patients of Southern Rajasthan, suffering from Pleural Effusion. Methods: Prospective study conducted on 104 patients with Pleural Effusion coming to our Tertiary Care center. All patients underwent Pleural Aspiration and Samples were sent for ADA, Biochemistry, cytology and Microbiological studies. CT Thorax with/ without FNAC/Biopsy and Bronchoscopy were done in appropriate cases. Results: Majority of Patients were Male. Cough (70.19%), Chest pain (65.38%) and Fever (53.84%) were common symptoms. Majority of Effusions were right sided (51), followed by left sided (40) and bilateral (13). Majority of Effusion were Exudate (85.57%).Tuberculosis was the leading cause of effusion (52.61%) followed by Malignancy (12.5%) and cardiac cause (7.69%). No diagnosis could be made in 11 patients. Conclusion: Tuberculosis remains the most common cause of Pleural effusion in Southern Rajasthan. Higher diagnostic modalities (e.g. Thoracoscopic Pleural Biopsy) should be used in undiagnosed cases.
Key words: Pleural Effusion, Tuberculosis, Malignancy.
PDF FULL TEXT
______________________________________________________________________________________________
USE OF JIG SAW TECHNIQUE IN SENSITIZING MEDIAL RESIDENTS ABOUT REVISED NATIONAL TUBERCULOSIS CONTROL PROGRAMME OF INDIA
Rahul Bogam, Jayashree Gothankar, Medha Bargage
ABSTRACT:
Objective: Interactive lectures have been shown to promote deep learning which allows better understanding, retention and recall of knowledge as well as its application. Jig saw technique has long been used as a cooperative and collaborative learning strategy in all levels of education. It is one of the engagement triggers in which base groups with a small number four or five students are set up. This study is planned to assess an effect of Jig Saw Technique on the knowledge of medical residents regarding Revised National Tuberculosis Control Programme of India. Material and Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted among 40 postgraduate students where Pre and Post test was conducted on same day. An intervention in the form of Jig Saw Technique was administered. Data was entered into Office Excel Sheet and analysed by using ‘Paired t test’. Results: ‘Jig Saw Technique’ did help in improving the knowledge of study participants and difference was observed to be statistically significant. (t = 12.82, p <0.001).Conclusion: Simple interactive teaching methodology like Jig saw Technique can make significant gain in knowledge of medical residents pertaining tuberculosis and RNTCP programme of India.
Key words: Jig saw technique, medical residents, RNTCP.
PDF FULL TEXT
_____________________________________________________________________________________________
COMPARISON OF EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE ON LATENCY AND AMPLITUDE OF RIGHT AND LEFT HAND MEDIAN MOTOR AND SENSORY NERVE IN HEALTHY MALE AND FEMALE
Shailja Tiwari, Ashutosh Garg , Kiran Patel, S.P. Garg
Objective: With a lot of importance attached to electro-diagnostic test of evaluating nerve conduction velocities, the accuracy of results is of extreme importance. A small error like incorrect recording of skin temperature can result in wrong diagnosis. So, a study was planned to look for the effect of temperature on latency and amplitude of sensory and motor median nerve. Material and Methods: The present study was conducted in the Department of Physiology, Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose Medical College and Hospital, Jabalpur (M.P.). after obtaining ethical clearance, both motor and sensory components of Median nerves were examined in 60 age sex matched medical students using surface and ring electrodes. Different temperatures i.e. hot and cold were maintained with the help of water bath and skin temperature was measured by using Digital Mercury Thermometer. Results: 35 out of 60 students were males and 25 were females, aged between 17-25 years, having no signs or symptoms of neurological impairment. Our study revealed that increasing temperature from 290 C -390C showed no statistically significant change (p>0.05) in latency and amplitude of right and left median motor and sensory nerve of male and females. Conclusion: our study concluded that the latency and amplitude of median nerve conduction in male and females is independent of temperature variations.
KEYWORDS: Amplitude, Latency, Median Nerve, Temperature.
PDF FULL TEXT
______________________________________________________________________________________________
A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF SERUM LIPID LEVEL IN PATIENTS OF BPH AND NORMAL CONTROL
Dr. Suresh Kumar ,Dr.Manisha Verma , Dr.Balveer S.Gurjar ,Dr.Vipul Garg , Dr.S.K.Vardey
ABSTRACT
Objective: Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a common melody of the aging men characterized by noncancerous enlargement of the prostate gland and possibility that abnormal lipids and lipoproteins might also be connected to the pathogenesis of BPH. This study is planned to assess the serum levels of Low density lipoprotein (LDL-C), High density lipoprotein (HDL-C), Triglycerides (TG), Total Cholesterol in patients of Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH) and to compare the above mentioned levels of lipids in Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH) patients with healthy control group. Material and methods: This was a Case-control analytic observational study conducted in Department of Biochemistry S.M.S. Medical College and Hospital, Jaipur between Oct.2011 to Sep.2012 which had 129 cases of BPH & 129 healthy controls and all participants were subjected to detailed clinical examination and investigations. Results: The maximum number of cases and controls (42.64% Vs 54.26%) were in age group of 60-69 years and Mean age for cases was 64.55 + 7.36 years while control group was 61.56+7.35 years. Results showed that hypertriglyceridemia hypercholesterolemia, high LDL value & low HDL value were present in all three grades but maximum in grade III. P-value in all three grades are <0.001, which are highly statistical significant. Conclusion: the correction of serum lipid profile concentration would have a beneficial effect on treatment, complication and progression of the diseases, so it would be recommendable to provide laboratory analysis of trace elements as a routine.
Key Words: Benign prostatic hyperplasia, LDL, HDL, Triglyceride, Cholesterol.
PDF FULL TEXT
______________________________________________________________________________________________
EFFICACY OF C-REACTIVE PROTEIN (CRP) LEVELS IN ETIOLOGIC DIAGNOSIS OF PLEURAL EFFUSION
Dr. Mridul Bhushan , Dr. Rakesh kumar , Dr. P.Nigam
ABSTRACT
Objective: The diagnosis of tubercular pleural effusion is difficult as tubercle bacilli are rarely found from thoracocentesis and pleural lavage and other noninvasive traditional tools of diagnosis have low sensitivity and specificity. CRP levels have been found to be higher in exudates when compare to transudates. It is therefore worthwhile to study the value of C-reactive protein in diagnosis of transudative and exudative pleural effusion. Methods: Study was carried out at Government Medical College Kannouj during December 2013 to August 2014 which comprised of fifty two patients of pleural effusion. Results: In this study, 38 were male and 14 were female pleural effusion was studied in which 46.15% cases of tubercular pleural effusion were present. Pleural fluid C-reactive protein maximally raised in exudative pleural effusion i.e. 3.54 + 2.14 mg/dl and transudative pleural effusion pleural fluid C - reactive protein was 0.80 + 0.42 mg/dl. Conclusion: Tubercular pleural effusion had high CRP levels when compare to transudative and malignant pleural effusions.
Key words: TB Pleural Effusion, C-reactive protein, biochemical marker, transudative and exudative pleural effusion.
PDF FULL TEXT
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